摘要:

ABSTRACT.A review is given of the symptoms following traumatic hospitalization experience of children and the factors which influence the way in which they behave, when they are hospitalized. The ways in which the hospitalization syndrome may be prevented are discussed, with particular emphasis on the importance of maintaining the child's relationship with the parents by having a liberal policy as regards visiting or by a rooming‐in system. Ordinary school activities, play‐therapy, occupational therapy and hospital libraries may play a very important role in preventing hospitalized children from becoming self‐absorbed. Although the hospitalization syndrome has been known for 30–35 years, we still have insufficient information about what factors make a child predisposed to develop such a

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb17737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The amounts of lactoferrin, lysozyme, SIgA and SIgA antibodies toE. colisomatic antigens in human milk ingested per day and per kg per day by breast‐fed infants were determined during the first four months of life. A gradual decline in the amounts of lactoferrin, SIgA, and SIgA antibodies ingested per day or per kg per day was found, whereas the quantities of lysozyme ingested by the infants rose during that period. These data suggest that the production and secretion of these immunologic factors by the mammary gland may be linked to the ontogeny of the production or catabolism of those components at mucosal tissues of the recipient infan

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb17738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Fourteen 3‐day metabolic balance studies were carried out in 8 healthy male preterm infants (birthweight 1270±170 g, gestational age 30±2 weeks) fed 183±7 ml/kg/day of a human milk formula made of incompletely skimmed human milk enriched with lyophilized whole human milk, minerals, medium chain triglycerides and linoleate. Daily intakes per kilo bodyweight were for protein 3.5±0.3 g, fat 7.0±2.1 g, and energy 573±88 kj (137 kcal). Weight gain was 29±5 g per day and nitrogen retention was 317±52 mg/kg/day. Fat absorption was 76± 12 %. Renal acid and solute loads were low and there was no metabolic acidosis, hyperazotemia or hyperaminoacidemia, except for tyrosine. It is concluded that preterm infants fed a human milk formula have similar growth rates and nitrogen retentions as foetuses in utero or preterm infants fed their own mot

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb17739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Knowledge of the newborn infant's behavior is of great importance for an understanding of postnatal adaptation and the influence of exogenous stimuli, such as drugs. To date, however, the methods used have been too sophisticated and complex for use on a busy ward. Moreover, procedures for monitoring physiological parameters in this age group should be non‐invasive and gentle for the infant, and acceptable to parents and personnel. In this paper, a simplified technique is presented where observation of the infant can be registered with an ordinary super‐8 movie camera adapted to time‐lapse. Heart rate, EMG and vocalization are recorded simultaneously. The time‐lapse filming technique is relatively easy to learn, it is simple and economic and can be used even during routine clinical care. Assessments were made from the films only, from the recordings only and from a combination of films and recordings. All these modes of assessment were found to be satisfactorily reproducible. Filming combined with respiratory recording gives sufficient information to classify neonatal infant b

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb17740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Eleven uremic children with osteodystrophy aged 3 to 17 years were studied during administration of l, 25‐(OH)2D, for periods up to 21 months. Nine children presented with pure hyperparathyroidism, one with osteomalacia and one with mixed bone disease. Bone biopsies were performed before initiation of therapy and after 6 to 21 months of treatment following double tetracycline labeling. Skeletal lesions were improved but not cured in 5 of 9 children with hyperparathyroidism. In three instances lesions remained unchanged and worsened in one. No significant change was observed in the child with osteomalacia. Moderate improvement was noted in the patient with mixed bone disease. The propensity to develop hypercalcemia was the major factor associated with treatment failure since it precluded administration of adequate amounts of medication. Therapy with l, 25‐(OH)2D3was associated with a spectacular improvement in growth velocity in two of six children under age twe

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb17741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Biochemical parameters of vitamin D metabolism were measured in late winter among 40 institutionalized mentally retarded patients. Twenty of them had carbamazepine as their only antiepileptic drug, while the 20 remaining patients had no antiepileptic drugs. Serum calcium and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D were significantly lower and alkaline phosphatase significantly higher in patients with than without carbamazepine. Supplementation of the diet with vitamin D in carbamazepine‐treated patients abolished the differences. A possibility of hypovitamino‐sis D should be considered in patients on a long‐term carbamazepine therapy, especially if other risks for vitamin D deficienc

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb17742.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Intestinal absorption of dl‐α‐a‐tocopheryl acetate was studied in low birth weight infants. Vitamin E was given from the first day of life, either as a water‐soluble (Ephynal®) or as a lipid‐soluble preparation (E‐vitamin®). Serum‐α‐tocopherol concentrations were determined before treatment and on days three and seven. Treatment with both vitamin E preparations increased serum‐a‐tocopherol on day three and seven. The mean serum‐a‐tocopherol ± SD on day seven were 41.4±10.7 umol/l for the Ephynal® group and 26.7±12.5 umol/l for the E‐vitamin® group, this difference being statistically significant (p<0.025). Oral feeding seems to influence the absorption of tocopherol from E‐vitamin®, as the infants with the highest serum‐a‐tocopherol concentrations were those with the highest oral/total feeding ratios. In infants with birth weight<1000 g treatment with 25 mg Ephynal®/day was found to increase serum‐a‐tocopherol on day seven to 46.9± 12.3 umol/l (mean ± SD). This concentration is comparable to those reporte

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb17743.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The accumulation of vitamin A during foetal development was investigated post mortem in foetuses and newborn infants of well‐defined socio‐economic groups of Swedish and Ethiopian women. The median vitamin A concentration in the liver was 37.0 μg/g in the Swedish foetuses (n=39) and 9.1 μg/g in the Ethiopian ones (n=49) (p<0.001). The liver vitamin A concentration in the Swedish foetuses increased exponentially during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. This trend was not evident in the Ethiopian material. The mean serum concentration of retinol‐binding protein was only slightly lower in the healthy Ethiopian newborns (18.6 mg/l; n=70.) than in the Swedish newborns. This finding suggests that vitamin A is retained i the foetal circulation in preference to storage, much like the situation in a vitamin A deficiency state in th

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb17744.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Copper‐zinc superoxide‐dismutase (SOD‐1) (E.C. 1.15.11) levels were measured in 9 children with mosaic trisomy 21 as identified by R, H, G‐banding technics. Radioimmunoassay of erythrocytes and fibroblasts did not demonstrate any significant correlation between levels of SOD‐1 and percentage of trisomic 21 cells in the two target cell population

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb17745.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Superoxide anion was measured in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) from 10 patients with Down's syndrome (DS) and 10 healthy controls after stimulation with phorobol‐myris‐tate‐acetate (PMA). The superoxide (O2‐:) levels were lower in PMNs from nine of 10 DS patients, than in simultaneously tested control cells (p<0.01). The findings may in part explain the increased susceptibility of DS patients to infections with certain microorganisms, e.g.S. aureusandC. a

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb17746.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY