摘要:

Clinical experience suggests that infants delivered by caesarean section have difficulties maintaining normal body temperature during the first hours after birth. To test this hypothesis, body and skin temperatures were measured and compared in healthy full‐term caesarean section and vaginally delivered newborn infants. The babies were studied during the first 90 min after birth. Axillary and skin temperatures were significantly higher in the vaginally delivered group than in infants delivered by caesarean section. Infants born by non‐elective caesarean section were slightly warmer during the first 90 min after birth compared to infants born by elective caesarean section. There were no significant differences in temperatures between infants cared for in a cot as compared to those cared for in an incubator. An incubator creates a physical barrier between babies and parents and incubator care might cause parental anxiety. Thus the routine of putting healthy, full‐term caesarean section infants in incubators can be abandoned from a thermoregulatory point of

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The interactions betweenEscherichia coliO or K antigens and polymorphonuclear leukocyte function were studied. Five types of O antigen and three types of K antigen were extracted fromE. coli. These included O1, O6, O75 and K1 antigens from pyelonephritopathogenic strains, O44 and K74 antigens from an enteropathogenic strain and O14 and K7 antigen from a standard strain. The antigens all reacted specifically to their specific antisera and no cross‐reactions were observed. The O1 or O44 antigen stimulated a significantly greater chemoluminescence response in polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from normal volunteers than O75, O6 or O14 antigen. In addition, the K1 or K74 antigen stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes significantly more than K7 antigen. These results suggest that pyelonephritopathogenic or enteropathogenicE. colimay produce severe tissue damage as a result of the response to their O or K antigens, as well as via adhesive agents such as pyelonephritopathogenic P‐pili or the enteroadhesive factor, and exotoxins such as hemolysin or veroto

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The diagnostic efficacy of two methods—demonstration of seroconversion in paired sera and detection of antigen in clinical specimens—was evaluated in 183 children with respiratory syncytial, parain‐fluenza or adenoviral, or pneumococcal respiratory tract infection. Viral infection was diagnosed in 46 (37%) of the 125 cases by antigen assay alone, in 36 (29%) by antibody assay alone and in 43 (34%) by both methods. In respiratory syncytial viral infections, antigen assays were more often positive than antibody assays; 80% of the cases were antigen positive and 63% solely antigen positive. In parainfluenza and adenoviral infections, antigen assays were not as useful; a positive result was seen in 59% and 44% of cases, respectively. Pneumococcal infection was diagnosed in 25 (30%) of the 84 cases by antigen assay alone, in 54 (64%) by antibody assay alone and in only 5 (6%) by both methods. Thus nearly all pneumococcal infections were diagnosed by only one method. The efficacy of antigen and antibody assay was clearly dependent on the age of the patients. In infants less than six months of age, nearly all (27 (90%)) of the 30 infections were diagnosed by antigen detection; 25 solely by antigen detection. In older patients, antigen and antibody assays supplemented each other. We conclude that antigen detection should be used as the primary method for the diagnosis of viral or pneumococcal respiratory tract infection. In infants, antigen detection is the only reliable method of microbial diagnosis. In addition, antigen detection is the method of rapid microbial diagnosis. In pneumococcal infections, the sensitivities of antigen detection methods are not sufficient; this is an important area for further res

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The case of a seven‐month old infant with symptomatic autoimmune corticoresistant neutropenia is reported. Neutropenia was responsive to high‐dose, iv immunoglobulin, and both to iv and im anti‐Rh(D) immunoglobulin. The latter therapy has a high benefit‐cost ratio compared to the standard a

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acylcarnitine is low in cord blood in patients with cystic fibrosis, suggesting that fatty acid metabolism is disturbed in utcro. Carnitine metabolites (total, free, short‐ and long‐chain acylcarnitine) were measured prospectively in 23 newly diagnosed infants with cystic fibrosis treated with a carnitine‐containing, predigested formula for 6–12 months. Total (p<0.002), free (p<0.004), and long‐chain (p<0.001) plasma concentrations of carnitines were significantly less than controls (n = 48) at diagnosis. Total and free concentrations were corrected with nutritional management, whereas short‐and long‐chain acylcarnitines remained unchanged. By three years of age all plasma concentrations of carnitine metabolites were significantly less than controls despite a carnitine‐containing diet. Urinary carnitine metabolites were increased at diagnosis and follow‐up. The physiological significance of these observations in cystic fibrosis is unknown, but could be compatible with disturbed regulatory control with resultant incr

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book review in this articles:Navarro, J. and Schmitz, J. (eds)Paediatric Gastroenterology.Harvey, David and Kovar, llya (eds)Child Health. A Textbook, for the DCH.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Family history, as well as genetic and immunological markers of diabetes mellitus, were studied in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Positive family history of diabetes mellitus in first‐degree relatives was found in only 6 of 210 (3%) CF patients, with no difference between non‐diabetic and diabetic patients. The frequency distributions of the HLA types DR3, DR4 and DR3/4, which normally confer susceptibility to insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and of HLA‐DR2, which normally confers resistance to insulin‐dependent diabetcs mellitus, were not different in non‐diabetic CF patients, diabetic CF patients and normal subjects. The genotypic frequencies of tumor necrosis factor‐β and of heat shock protein 70, located within the HLA region on chromosome 6, in CF patients with diabetes were not different from those in patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, while non‐diabetic CF patients and normal subjects shared other patterns. The frequencies of the interleukin‐1β alleles, located on chromosome 2, were not different in non‐diabetic and diabetic CF patients, insulin‐dependent diabetic patients and normal subjects. Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies. measured before, at and after the diagnosis of diabetes in 33 diabetic CF patients and in 32 matched non‐diabetic CF patients, were detected in only 2 of 236 (0.8%) serum samples; m a pre‐diabetic patient and in a non‐diabetic control patient. Birth weights were not different in diabetic and non‐diabetic CF patients, arguing against the importance of the intrauterine environment as a determinant in the transmission of diabetes mellitus in CF patients. We conclude that diabetes mellitus in CF is without family history of diabetes mellitus, HLA‐DR association, and serological evidence for autoimmune destruction of the β‐cells. The significance of similar frequcncies of tumor necrosis factor‐β and heal shock protein 70 alleles in insulin‐dependent diabetic patients and di

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 23 patients with short stature (7 had multiple pituitary hormone defect, 11 had isolated growth hormone deficiency and 5 had normal variant short stature) to investigate if there is a relation between magnetic resonance findings and results of endocrine tests. Magnetic resonance imaging of patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency or with serious isolated growth hormone deficiency (growth hormone3 μg/l) or with normal variant short stature, the technique revealed a normal or hypoplastic hypophysis. Magnetic resonance appears to be a useful second‐level diagnostic tool in defining the type of alteration in growth defects of endocrine ori

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book review in this articles:Miller, Geoffrey and Ramer, Jeanette C. eds.Static Encephalopathies of Infancy and Childhood.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to assess the value of family history of premature coronary artery disease as a criterion for coronary risk factor screening, a group of 53 children with such a family history was selected. We determined various coronary risk factors in these children in comparison to 33 controls. Statistically significant differences were observed in apoprotein concentrations but not in concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins or glucose, or in blood pressure or body mass index. The ratio between apoprotein B and apoprotein A1 was the best discriminator between the two groups. The predictive value of family history is more reliable for detecting abnormal apoprotein ratio than for detection of hypercholestero‐lemia. We conclude that if abnormal apoprotein levels during childhood are found to be a valued predictor of premature coronary artery disease, then family history of premature coronary artery disease can be used to select children for determination and assessment of their coronary ris

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY