摘要:

ABSTRACT.A programme for combined morphological and biochemical analysis of cartilage‐bone biopsy material is described. The structural analysis includes light and electron microscopy, and the biochemistry is focused on polysaccharides. A procedure for isolation and characterization of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans from dry cartilage in amounts down to 1 mg is described. The procedure is exemplified by analyses of material from patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, mucopolysaccharidosis IV‐Morquio and metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type McKusick. In osteogenesis imperfecta characteristic morphological alterations were demonstrated. Apart from increased chondroitin sulphate molecular weights, the biochemical analyses showed values within the assumedly normal range. In Morquio's disease extensive intracellular deposits in single membrane vacuoles were observed in both chondrocytes and osteocytes. There were indications that these deposits contained keratan sulphate, which also occurred in increased amounts in the total tissue preparation. Furthermore, the tendency to formation of proteoglycan aggregates was decreased. In the tissue from the patients with the McKusick syndrome insignificant ultrastructural changes, mainly affecting the mitochondria, were found. The biochemical results were within the assumedly normal range. The significance of these findings and the possibilities of further methodological development are discus

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The possible artefacts in transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) induced by fluctuations in arterial blood pressure were investigated in ten newborn babies. We mounted one tcPO2electrode on the foot and another on the chest, and the local arterial blood pressure under the foot electrode was reduced 0.6‐2.0 kPa (9‐15 mmHg) by elevating the foot 11‐19 cm above the heart level. In five mature newborns the tcPO2of the foot decreased significantly (p=0.015) during elevation by a mean valve of 0.029 kPa (0.22 mmHg) per mmHg decrease in mean arterial blood pressure. In five premature newborns the artefact was insignificant (p=0.62). We conclude therefore that, in contrast to adults, the artefacts induced by minor fluctuations in arterial blood pressure in newborns are hardly of clinical impor

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.During the first weeks after birth the transepidermal water loss was determined repeatedly in 7 infants born after 25–27 weeks of gestation, in 13 infants born after 28–30 weeks and in 14 full‐term infants. All infants were appropriate for gestational age. The very pre‐term infants had high evaporative water losses from their skin on their first days after birth. A gradual decrease was then observed, but after four weeks the values were still higher than those in full‐term infants. The transepidermal water loss in full‐term infants was unchanged during the first two weeks of life, but increased during the subsequent two weeks. The relation between evaporation rate from an interscapular skin area and ambient humidity was studied repeatedly during the first week of life in two very pre‐term infants. The magnitude of evaporation decreased with increasing post‐natal age, but was still dependent on the ambient re

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Transcephalic impedance was measured serially in 45 preterm infants<1500 g birth weight in order to test the method for the early detection of intraventricular hemorrhage. TCZ increased in all seventeen (38%) infants who developed IVH diagnosed by CT‐scan or autopsy. Five of 8 infants monitored 4‐8 weeks following confirmed IVH developed hydrocephalus documented by repeat CT‐scans; all 5 were discovered early by the TCZ‐method 2‐3 weeks before physical findings or an increasing head circumference indicated the possibility of hydrocephalus. TCZ appears to be a useful non‐invasive clinical guide to the occurrence and course of IVH in

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Preterm infants receive gastric milk feeds as continuous infusions or intermittent boluses. It is not known whether these feeding methods have different effects on the development of digestive metabolism. We have measured plasma levels of insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gastrin, motilin, enteroglucagon (EG) and neurotensin (NT) in 19 preterm infants (28‐34 weeks gestation) tolerating full enteral feeding from birth. 7 infants received human milk by continuous infusion, 12 infants were bolus fed. Hormones were measured in cord blood and at 6 and 13 days of age; samples were drawn preprandially in bolus fed infants. Both groups showed similar significant increases in plasma motilin, PP, NT and EG levels. At 13 days infusion fed infants had higher insulin. GIP and gastrin levels. No difference in rate of weight gain was seen in the two groups of infants. We conclude that both methods of feeding induce progressive changes in circulating enteroinsular hormone levels. However, the endocrine milieu is different in the two groups, particularly since bolus‐fed infants experience marked cyclical surges in hormones after boluses of milk by 13 days of age. These differences in hormone release may affect metabolic homeosta

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Human milk and formulas with different quantities and qualities of protein were compared by measuring sequential postprandial changes in total amino acids and glycine/valine ratios in plasma of 23 healthy term neonates who had previously been breast‐fedad libitum.At the mean age of 5.5 days the infants reveived from a bottle 1/36 of their body weight of banked human milk (true protein 0.8 g/100 ml), or formula (1.5 g/100 ml of protein, whey‐to‐casein ratio 60: 40 (adapted) or 18: 82 (non‐adapted), or 3.0 g/ml of protein, 60 : 40) after a 3.5‐4 hour fast. After the feed, the sum of plasma free amino acids rose and the glycine/valine ratio fell, these changes being significant as soon as 30 min after the start of feeding and maximal at 30 min after human milk but at 60 min after the formulas. Both values returned to prefeeding levels, after human milk in 2‐3 hours and after the two 1.5 g/100 ml formulas in about 4 hours, but after the 3 g/100 ml formula were still notably altered at 3.5 hours. The postprandial changes measured seemed to reflect dietary protein intake, and to be unaffected by protein quality (adapted vs. non‐adapted formulas). The results show that in studies of plasma amino acids in young infants sampling times should be standardized exactly with respect ot type of previous feeding and durati

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Postprandial changes in plasma amino acids were studied in 23 term neonates who had previously been breast‐fedad libitum. As a test meal the infants received from a bottle a weight‐based amount of banked human milk (true protein 0.8 g/100 ml) or formula with either 1.5 or 3.0 g of protein (adapted or non‐adapted) per 100 ml. As regards the essential amino acids, all rose markedly in the plasma after the feed. The postprandial increments were relatively highest for the branched‐chain amino acids, which rose 50‐300% above the prefeeding concentrations. Peak values were found after human milk at 30 min but after formulas at 60 min. In extent and duration the rises were directly proportional to the amino acid loads given. This was also true for most semi‐ and nonessential amino acids, but plasma glycine, in contrast, regularly decreased, and plasma alanine continued to rise until 120 min after the beginning of the feed; neither change correlated with intake. After the milk feeds commonly given to neonates, postprandial alterations in plasma amino acids seem to be highly

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Eighteen newborn infants with severe hypoxia during the course of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, persistent fetal circulation or right diaphragmatic hernia were treated with chlorpromazine with the aim of improving arterial oxygenation by a postulated vasodilatory action on the pulmonary circulation. Fourteen of the infants improved their PSO2during the treatment. Nine infants died. The systematic arterial blood‐pressure and the urinary output were reduced and some infants were somnolent during the initial period of treatment. No other side effects were noted. Further studies of chlorpromazine as a possible pulmonary vasodilator in newborn infants are justifie

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The risk of neonatal respiratory disorders was calculated in an unselected, total population together with the relative contributions of some factors found associated with an increased risk. Postnatal asphyxia, expressed as a low one minute Apgar score, and low gestational age were substantial, independent risk factors. Caesarean section added, though less markedly, to the risk of the above disorders.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Phototherapy with either daylight or blue lamps resulted in the development of the bronze baby syndrome in 13 infants. ‘Thermotherapy’with an incandescent bulb emitting light mainly in wavelengths not effective for phototherapy caused this syndrome in the 14th infant with respiratory failure. Hepatic dysfunction was present in all infants. The infants were well in spite of the bronzing, after their initial condition had improved. Bronzing disappeared within two months in all but one infant; in eight infants with regular blood examination, the hepatic function became normal by ten months of age, but spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of the pigment(s) even at one year. Normal development was obser

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY