摘要:

SummaryThe change in pulmonary blood flow as a result of expansion of the lungs with 100‐200 ml of nitrogen was studied in eleven fetal lambs. The fetal circulation was evaluated by simultaneous injection of 5% sodium chloride into the left ventricle and indocyanine green into the right ventricle and by recording the concentration of these indicators in the right carotid artery and right femoral artery.During the control period, prior to lung expansion, most of the right ventricular output bypassed the lungs; in fact, there was no detectable pulmonary blood flow in six of the lambs. As long as the lungs were forcibly maintained expanded there was no increase in pulmonary blood flow, but when the expanding nitrogen was given free outlet again there was a change in the distribution of right ventricular output in nine of the lambs. The portion passing through the lungs increased in eight lambs but decreased in one.In two lambs the lungs were expanded with 100 ml of Dextran. This did not affect pulmonary blood flow although the following expansion with 100 ml of nitrogen in both instances caused more of the right ventricular output to be distributed to the lungs.It is concluded that surface tension in the newly formed air‐liquid interfaces of the expanded alveoli may decrease resistance to pulmonary blood f

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary10 women in labor received a drip infusion of 500 ml of 10% glucose with 16 units of crystalline insulin and further 10 received glucose infusion without insulin, about 30 min. before giving birth. In the newborn infants of these mothers was a continuous fall in the high initial blood glucose values in capillary blood, with significant decrease in ballast excess lactate, without increase in oxygen consumption. It would appear that prenatal infusion of glucose with insulin decreased partially anaerobic metabolism, without increasing the oxidative component. Such an effect might lower the tendency of the newborn to go into metabolic acidosis after birth, and assist the establishment of normal respiration.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwenty‐one children given three monthly doses of a formalin‐killed vaccine at the age of ½ to 2 years and a booster of the same product or purified hemagglutinin 22 months later were submitted to a serological and clinical follow‐up 18 months after the booster.Eleven chiIdren had been exposed to measles. Only one of these displayed symptoms. This case showed an atypical behaviour and was associated with a bronchopneumonia of short duration. Increase in antibody titers indicated symptom‐less infections in four cases with and one without known exposure.During the time 8 to 18 months after the booster the average decline in HI and CF antibody titers was about

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGrowth curves of 28 patients with the congenital type of the adrenogenital syndrome were as far as available data allowed reconstructed and analysed.Patients who had been adequately treated from an early age tended to grow a t a normal rate and it seems possible that they have a relatively good chance to reach their genetically predetermined stature or a t least an adult height within normal limits.Patients who came to treatment after the age of 5‐6 years demonstrated another type of growth curve similar to that observed in children with untreated adrenogenital syndrome i.e. an initially rapid linear growth of short duration.It was found that some of the patients who did not receive any therapy, came late to treatment or were inadequately treated in spite of this reached an adult height within normal limits.A few patients reacted to treatment in an unexpected way and are discussed in some detail.A difference in linear growth between salt‐losers and patients with a normal electrolyte regulating mechanism could not be demonstrated.It is suggested that variations in adult height and exceptional reactions to treatment may be due not only to hereditary factors but possibly also to differences in the degree and/or type of the enzymatic defect.Significant differences in birth weight and birth length between patients with the adrenogenital syndrome and normal new‐born infants could not be demonst

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHeinz body formation by incubation of blood with acetylphenylhydrazine was more pronounced in erythrocytes of newborns than in erythrocytes of adults, the ratio being approximately 5:1. In haemolysates cord haemoglobin was denatured only slightly faster by acetylphenylhydrazine than was adult haemoglobin. By differentiating HbA‐cells from HbF‐cells in blood smears from newborns with the acid elution technic it could be shown that Heinz body formation proceeded nearly as fast in erythrocytes containing HbA as in erythrocytes containing HbF.HbF therefore does not play a significant role for the enhanced Heinz body formation in red cells of newborn infants. Since the amount of reduced glutathione has no decisive significance either, there must be some other characteristic property of the red cells of newborns making them labile in this resp

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe erythropoietin content in cord blood was determined from normal full term infants, fants, from infants born more than 2 weeks after term, from infants of preeclamptic, diabetic and Rh‐immunized mothers. The group of normal infants showed higher ergthropoietin levels than the premature group. Highly elevated erythropoietin levels were found in some infants in the preeclamptic, the postmature group and in the infants of diabetic mothers. The greatest frequency of increased erythropoietin levels were found in the preeclamptic group. The infants with the greatest rise in erythropoietin content often showed clinical signs of dysmaturity. Erythroblastotic infants seemed to show a rise in erythropoietin levels when capillary hemoglobin fell below 13‐11 g. The results indicate that both anemic and hypoxic hypoxia may give an increase in erythro‐poietin content, and that erythropoietin is a stimulating factor for red cell production in fetal life, at least in the last m

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe behaviour of the three immunoglobulins (gammaglobulin, or IgG, beta 2A globulin, or IgA and beta 2M globulin, or IgM) has been examined, using paper electrophoresis and immunological methods, in the blood serum of 43 infants suffering from interstitial plasma cellular pneumonia. The level of the immunoglobulins was generally found t o be decreased in those cases, where the symptoms of the disease were mild or of medium intensity, and appeared in infants between 4‐8 weeks of age, i.e. in the period of the physiological hypogammaglobulinemia.If, however, the disease caused grave symptoms and was manifested in older infants, an increase of beta 2M immunoglobulin was found to be characteristic; in some cases, the elevation of all the three immunoglobulins occurred.Our observations suggest that in interstitial plasma cellular pneumonia of infants, antibodies of the beta 2M‐type must play an important part, but that there is no direct correlation between the common antibody deficiency syndromes and the infantile interstitial plasmacellular pneumonia occurring in this coun

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPre‐ and postoperative hemodynamic and electrocardiographic studies were carried out in 24 children with patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension. The age of the patients ranged from 10 months to 14 years. All patients were catheterized before and a t least once after the operation. I n all cases a left to right shunt was present. Prior to operation the pulmonary arterial pressure was 50 mm Hg or more. The follow‐up time ranged from 6 months to 4½ years.Clinical improvement and a decrease of the pulmonary arterial pressure occurred in all cases after operation. The postoperative systolic pressure in pulmonary artery was 40 mm Hg or less in 14 children; all these children had had large shunts and 10 of them were less than 7 years of age. In the 4 cases, in which more than one postoperative catheterization was performed, no significant hemodynamic changes were seen after the first postoperative year.Before operation 18 patients had electrocardiographic signs of combined ventricular hypertrophy. Following surgery the tracings became normal in most cases. Isolated right ventricular hypertrophy in the preoperative or persisting right ventricular hypertrophy in the postoperative tracings were unfavourable signs and occurred in cases, in which only a small lowering of the pulmonary arterial pressure occu

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySerum lipids were studied in premature infants on different diets: human milk, an ordinary 50% cow's milk formula and a cow's milk preparation (Olac) where the butter fat had been replaced with vegetable fat, so that the content of unsaturated fatty acids was practically similar to that of human milk.The total lipids and phospholipids showed no significant differences on these diets. Serum cholesterol was significantly lower on feeding with Olac than on human milk, but no differences with regard to the cholesterol were seen between infants on human milk and infants on 50 % cow's milk formula. These findings are in accordance with previous investigations.As the amount of unsaturated fatty acids is practically identical in human milk and in Olac, we cannot explain why serum cholesterol is lower when the latter is given. Nor can it be explained why serum cholesterol is similar on human milk and on 50% cow's milk formula, the content of unsaturated fatty acids in fact being more than three times as high in the former as in the latter.Apparently the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids is not the factor responsible for these results. Our figures do not permit the conclusion that any single fraction of the lipids is the factor in question. This problem needs further investigation.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA 1‐year‐old boy with a characteristic entity which was first described by Imerslund [12] and Grasbecket al.[S] is presented. The disease manifests itself as a megaloblastic anaemia caused by a selective malabsorption of vitamin B12from the intestinal tract. The content of acid and intrinsic factor in the gastric juice is normal. The blood picture becomes normal after parenteral administration of vitamin B12. Furthermore, the patient has persistent proteinuria. We tried to establish the aetiology of malabsorption of vitamin B12by administering intestinal juice from normal subjects, by which procedure an increased intestinal absorption of vitamin B12was demonstrated. This finding indicates the absence in these patients of a factor (“releasing factor”?) which is normally present in the intestinal juice and which is of importance for the absorption of vitamin B12. Our present knowledge as to the absorption of vitamin B12is reviewed briefly, and a theory is advanced, partly founded on experiments, to the effect that vitamin B12is normally absorbed in a peptide‐b

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1966.tb15243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY