摘要:

Abstract.Andersen, G. E. and Johansen, K. B. (The Neonatal Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark). LDL receptor studies in term and pre‐term infants: Measurement of sterol synthesis in cord blood lymphocytes. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 577, 1980.—Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity was measured in lymphocytes from pre‐term and term infants in order to elucidate if the hypercholesterolemia found in pre‐term infants might be secondary to a block in cholesterol transport across the cell membrane, analogous to that seen in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). LDL receptor activity was found to be fully developed in pre‐term infants and no different from that of term infants and of a normal adul

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07324.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Ginsburg, B.‐E. and Zetterstrom, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Goran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Serum cholesterol concentrations in early infancy. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 581, 1980.—Sixteen healthy term infants were followed from birth to the age of 3–6 months. Total cholesterol, VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol and HDL‐cholesterol were determined in cord serum, in serum obtained 3–10 days after birth (mean age 4.6 days) and at the age of 3–6 months (mean 4.1 months). Mean total cholesterol increased by 1.5 mmol/l during the first 3–10 days and by an additional 1.1 mmol/l during the following 3–6 months. Mean VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol increased by 1.0 mmol/l and 0.9 mmol/l, respectively, and mean HDL‐cholesterol by 0.4 mmol/l and 0.3 mmol/l, respectively, during the same periods. The HDL‐cholesterol: VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol ratio thus fell from 1.5 at birth to 0.8 at the age of 3–10 days and to 0.6 at 3–6 months. In eight breast‐fed infants, the mean total cholesterol level increased by 2.9 mmol/l from birth to the age of 3–6 months. This increase was significantly higher than the increase found in eight infants who received a cow's milk formula—i.e. 2.3 mmol/l. Free and esterified cholesterol were determined in 10 infants. Free cholesterol accounted for about one‐third of the total chol

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07325.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Ginsburg, B.‐E. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Serum cholesterol concentrations in newborn infants with gestational ages of 28–42 weeks. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 587, 1980.—Serum total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol and VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol were determined in 53 newborn infants with gestational ages of 28–42 weeks. In pre‐term infants (gestational age<37 weeks) the total cholesterol concentration in cord blood was higher than in term infants. Mean values were 2.4 and 1.7 mmol/l, respectively. The HDL‐cholesterol/ VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol ratio was 1.8 in pre‐term and term infants. In 11 pre‐term and 17 term infants a second determination was made 3–4 days after birth. Total cholesterol had increased more in term than in pre‐term infants and the difference found at birth had already levelled out. Mean value was 3.0 mmol/I in pre‐term and term infants. The HDL‐cholesterol/ VLDL‐LDL‐cholesterol ratio had changed to 0.6 in pre‐term and term infants. Six pre‐term infants who received intravenous fluids only were also studied. Their values did not differ from those in pre‐term infants fed orally. Free and esteritied cholesterol were determined in 26 infants of varying gestational ages. About one‐third of the total cholesterol was in the free form in pre‐term and term i

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07326.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Van Biervliet, J. P., Vercaemst, R., De Keersgieter, W., Vinaimont, N., Caster, H. and Rosseneu, M. (Algemeen Ziekenhuis Sint‐Jan, Brugge, Belgium). Evolution of lipoprotein patterns in newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 593, 1980. —The plasma levels of total and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and of the major apolipoproteins (apo B and apo A‐I) were studied in 30 newborns, on cord blood and after 7 and 30 days of life. The evolution of these parameters during the first month of life shows that newborns have low LDL cholesterol and apo B levels at birth, which increase drastically during the first week and remain constant between 7 and 30 days. The HDL cholesterol and apo A‐I levels are proportionally high at birth and keep increasing slowly up to 30 days. During this period, the cholesterol/apoprotein ratio remains constant in the LDL and HDL class. These data suggest that lipid and apoprotein levels at 7 days are more representative than cord‐blood levels and more meaningful for a screening of congenital hypercholesterolemia. The cholesterol/apo B and apo B/apo A‐I ratios, which are considered to be better predictive factors for atherosclerosis, should be included as screeni

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07327.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Nilsson, R., Grossmann, G. and Robertson, B. (Department of Paediatric Pathology and Department of Paediatrics, St. Goran's Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden). Artificial ventilation of premature newborn rabbits; effects of positive end‐expiratory pressure on lung mechanics and lung morphology. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 597, 1980.—44 premature newborn rabbits, removed by hysterotomy on day 27 of gestation, were ventilated with positive pressure under differing standardized conditions, with or without application of positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP; 5 cm H2O). After 10 min ventilation, compliance of the lung‐thorax system was significantly higher in fetuses ventilated with PEEP than in controls. The application of PEEP also resulted in a significantly lower maximal expiratory air flow compared to controls in groups ventilated with standardized tidal volume. Morphometric evaluation revealed bronchiolar epithelial lesions to be less prominent in fetuses treated with PEEP. Our findings show that application of PEEP has a beneficial effect on lung mechanics during artificial ventilation and that it reduces the risk of epithelial damage to the airways, presumably by promoting uniform expansion of the lung par

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Cotton, R. B., Lindstrom, D. P., Kanarek, K. S., Sundell, H. and Stahlman, M. T. (Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA). Effect of positive‐end‐expiratory‐pressure on right ventricular output in Iambs with hyaline membrane disease. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:603, 1980.—Right and left ventricular outputs, pulmonary and systemic blood flows, and blood flows in both directions through the ductus arteriosus were measured before and during positive‐end‐expiratory‐pressure in 5 premature lambs with induced hyaline membrane disease. During positive‐end‐expiratory‐pressure, right ventricular output increased in all Iambs without any significant change in left ventricular output or pulmonary vascular resistance. Left‐to‐right ductus flow decreased in lambs which initially had large left‐to‐right ductus shunts. Significant right‐toleft ductus flow did not occur before or during pos

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07329.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Helin, I. and Winberg, J. (Departments of Paediatrics, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, University of Lund, and Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden). Chronic renal failure in Swedish Children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 607, 1980.—In a retrospective study covering the years 1974 to 1977 the prevalence of non‐terminal renal failure in Swedish children on to 15 years of age was registered as 4.50 per million total population. The mean yearly incidence of terminal renal failure during the same period was registered as 0.94 per million total population. Nephronophthisis was the most common single cause of renal failure. No case of coarse renal scarring due to recurrent urinary tract infections was reported. The Swedish study shows a good agreement with an earlier Swiss one concerning the diseases causing chronic renal failure in children. The frequency of chronic renal failure is expected to be essentially unchanged until breakthroughs occur in research on glomeruloneph

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07330.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Uhari, M. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland). Changes in blood pressure during the first year of life. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:613, 1980.—Changes in blood pressure during the first year of life were investigated in a one‐year follow‐up study. The blood pressures were measured at the age of one day from 245 newborns, at the age of four or five days from 224 infants, at the age of four months from 105 infants, and at the age of one year from 68 infants. Blood pressure increased considerably during the first five days. The increase of mean systolic blood pressure was markedly bigger, from 59 to 90 mmHg, than that of mean diastolic blood pressure, which was from 43 to 55 mmHg. The correlations of blood pressure were calculated with prenatal history, physical measurements and parental blood pressure. Significant correlations were found with physical factors but not with the prenatal history or parental blood pressure. The tracking of the blood pressure was not good. The distribution of the blood pressure values was normal. It is concluded that for the time being there are no reliable predictive factors to hypertension which could be found in early in

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Laursen, H. Bakgaard (Departments of Cardiology and Paediatrics, University Hospital, Århus, Denmark). Some epidemiological aspects of congenital heart disease in Denmark. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:619, 1980.—Information on 5249 children with congenital heart disease (CHD) in the age group 0–15 years was collected from all paediatric and cardiological departments in Denmark and, furthermore, from death certificates. The mean prevalence for CHD in Denmark was 6.1 % during 11 years (1963–73); during the years 1972–73 it was 7.0 %. The mean age at detection was 25.86 months; 36% were diagnosed within the first month of life and 63% within the first year. The sex distribution was; 52%, female, 48%, male. No seasonal variation was found in the months of birth for individual cardiac anomalies. The largest group of CHD was ventricular septal defect, 24.0%, followed by persistent ductus arteriosus, 12.6%; atrial septal defect, 9.2%; coarctation of the aorta, 7.0%; pulmonary stenosis, 6.0%; and tetralogy of Fallot, 5.8%. The cumulated lethality for all 5 249 children was 25% at 1 month, 42% after 5 years, and 48% at the age of 15 years. CHD was found in 135 cases among 5835 siblings

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Leijon, I. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden). Neurology and behaviour of newborn infants delivered by vacuum extraction on maternal indication. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:625, 1980.—23 full‐term neonates delivered by vacuum extraction (VE) on maternal indication (primary or secondary uterine inertia) but with no sign of fetal asphyxia and a control group of 16 infants were studied. The infants were examined on the 1st and 5th days after birth with the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale and by a standardized neurological examination. On day 1 the VE‐infants showed lower visual and auditory responsiveness in the behavioural assessment, and fewer optimal responses in the neurological examination than did the controls. Obstetrical factors such as abnormal presentation, long duration of the second stage of labour, and long duration of VE (≥15 minutes) may explain the differences. The differences between the groups had largely disappeared

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1980.tb07333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY