ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The renal response to low (45 ml/kg) and high (73 ml/kg) fluid intake was studied during an 8‐hour period in healthy 3–4‐day‐old full‐term infants. 20 infants received low fluid (LF) intake and 15 infants received high fluid (HF) intake. HF significantly increased urine flow and significantly decreased urine osmolality but did not influence glomerular filtration rate measured as the clearance of creatinine. Serum arginine vasopressin (s‐AVP) was not different in the LF and HF groups and did not correlate to urine osmolality. Urinary sodium excretion was significantly correlated to the diuresis.Conclusion: Following high fluid intake full‐term infants are capable to adaptively excrete larger urine volumes and more dilute urine by mechanisms independent of AVP. S‐AVP appears to relate differently to the state of hydration and to urine osmolality in infants

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The purpose of the present study was to determine the normal relationship of urine and plasma osmolality in pre‐term and full‐term infants. Twenty‐nine full‐term and 35 pre‐term babies were studied during the first week of life. Random simultaneous urine and plasma samples were measured for osmolality. Statistical analysis defined the normal relationship of plasma to urine osmolality. This suggests an osmotic threshold of 282 mOsm/kg and 291 mOsm/kg for full‐term and pre‐term babies, respectively. These values are different from the 285–290 mOsm/kg of adolescents and adults. The nomograms provided may serve as a useful aid in the bedside diagnosis of dysfunctional secretion

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The impact of continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) on diuresis and urine concentration was studied in newborn preterm infants with respiratory insufficiency with and without pulmonary X‐ray changes. Urine output and osmolality, sodium balance and blood pressure were measured before, during and after CPAP application. In all infants urine osmolality rose and urine output decreased significantly when high CPAP (8 cm H2O) was applied, especially in infants without radiographic pulmonary changes. Three infants also developed hyponatremia at high CPAP levels. The results indicate that high CPAP levelsper semay affect fluid balance inadvertently. Therefore fluid intake and urine output should be monitored closely during CPAP treatmen

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The effect of methyl prednisolone therapy (PM) was studied in 18 children with severe idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS). Eight patients were defined as “corticosteroid‐resistant” because there was no response to treatment after a minimum of 4 weeks of 2 mg/kg/day of prednisone; 10 patients had a corticosteroid‐dependent NS with frequent relapses which occurred under a high threshold dose of prednisone (1 mg/kg/day). Each patient received 4–6 pulses of 1 g/1.73 m2methylprednisolone. Tolerance was generally good. PM therapy permitted a more rapid remission than oral prednisone (average 9±4 days vs. 22±9 days). Remission occurred in 5 of the 8 corticosteroid‐resistant patients three of these 5 patients developed corticosteroid‐dependent NS. For the children with a corticosteroid‐dependent nephrotic syndrome, PM therapy did not affect the threshold d

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17767.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Four infants with genital ambiguity but with apparent testes were given a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) test and a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test at age 3–12 days. The results were compared with those from 16 newborn males (aged 2 to 6 days) with minor genital anomalies; 9 with unilateral and 3 with bilateral incomplete testicular descent, 2 with surgically insignificant glandular hypospadias and 2 with penis length<(x̄‐2 SD) for gestational age. Treatment with testosterone resulted in clear phallus growth in all four patients. All four patients had elevated basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations as well as an exaggerated LH response to GnRH; three of them also had an exaggerated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) response. Thus in all patients the etiology of genital ambiguity was considered to be testicular. The testosterone response to hCG was normal in two of the patients but impaired in the other two. The steroidogenic response did not show any specific enzyme defect. We conclude that 1) newborn boys with Leydig cell failure are clearly hypergonadotropic, 2) the GnRH test is a more sensitive indicator of Leydig cell failure neonatally than the hCG test and 3) normal testes greatly inhibit the secretion of both LH and FSH during the first week o

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17768.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.With the purpose of studying calcium metabolism at the growth spurt phase in puberty, bone mineral content (BMC) of the forearm, and serum concentrations of total alkaline phosphatase, phosphate, and calcium were determined in 36 boys every three months for about 2 years. BMC increased 35 % throughout the study age period of 10.6 to 14.6 years, with a maximal rate between 12.8 and 13.8 years. In relation to growth velocity BMC rose steepest during the 12 months around peak height velocity (PHV) (p<0.001) and showed a progressive increase from 3 months before the first pubic hair stage (PH2) to PH4(p<0.001). Serum alkaline phosphatase increased by a total of 55 % throughout the age period with a diminished rate of increase from 13.5 to 14 years, around the PHV, and from PH3to PH4.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17769.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Height velocity, bone mineral content (BMC), serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (AP), testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (A‐dione) were determined as a part of a longitudinal study of calcium metabolism in normal male puberty. The time of maximal increase (Tm) in concentrations was calculated for 20 boys from a curve‐fitting analysis program. Highly significant correlations were found betweenTmtestosterone andTmBMC (r=0.73, p<0.001);TmAP andTmBMC (r=0.68,p<0.001). The mean difference in time betweenTmtestosterone andTmBMC was 4.7 months and betweenTmAP andTmtestosterone 0.7 month. Our data indicate a very close relationship between testosterone, osteoblastic activity, and mineralization in normal male puberty, whereas the adrenal androgens do not seem to have a major influence on the mineralization at the male puberty growth spurt ph

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17770.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Data obtained during long‐term follow‐up of 68 girls with premature thelarche were analysed. In 85 % onset was before the age of 2 years, in 30.8 % being present at birth. In 44.1 % there was a regression after 32/12±28/1212years (SD). Basal levels of plasma FSH and response to LH‐RH were significantly higher than prepubertal controls (1.93± 1.56 vs. 0.8±0.1 mU/ml and peaks 12.3±5.4 vs. 7.9±1.0 mU/ml respectively;p<0.001). Twenty‐seven of 52 patients tested had increased plasma estradiol and in 27 of 40 patients tested, urocytograms or vaginal smear showed estrogenization. Basal levels of LH and response to LH‐RH were prepubertal. The girls with premature thelarche were significantly taller than normal controls of the same age (p<0.001). These results suggest that premature thelarche is an incomplete form of precocious sexual development probably due to derangement in the maturation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐gonadal axis which results in a higher than normal secretion of FSH, as well as a defect in the peripheral sensitivity t

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17771.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The incidence of hematologic abnormalities was evaluated in 120 children with otitis media treated respectively with cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole) (group 1), cotrimoxazole plus folinic acid (group 2) and amoxicillin (group 3) in therapeutic doses for ten days. Only eosinophilia (an absolute count ≥0.5×109/l) (group 1 = 10%, 2=5%, 3=7.5%) and neutropenia (polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocyte count ≤1.5×109/l) (group 1=35%, 2=17.5%, 3=13.3%) were noted. Early neutropenia (evident on the 5th day of therapy) occurred in all the treatment groups, thus it is not related to cotrimoxazole administration and in most cases neutrophil count reversed to normal in few days without drug discontinuation. Late neutropenia (evident after 10 days of treatment) appeared only in cotrimoxazole treated children (p<0.05). No superimposed bacterial infection was demonstrated in any case. Late neutropenia seems to be strictly related to the sequential blockage of folinic acid metabolism and can be prevented by the concomitant administration of folin

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb17772.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY