摘要:

In 1956 Rolf Zetterström&Lars Ernster published their seminal observations demonstrating that bilirubin uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria (1). On the other side of the Atlantic, Richard Day had found that bilirubin inhibited the uptake of oxygen by slices or homogenates of rat brain (2). These novel discoveries appeared to lead the way to understanding the unique toxicity of bilirubin in the newborn. The decades which followed the publication of these papers have seen thousands of additional publications concerning bilirubin and neonatal jaundice, but we do not seem that much closer to a convincing demonstration of the basis for kernicterus nor lesser forms of bilirubin toxicity (3). The neurotoxicity of bilirubin was recently reviewed here by Hansen&Bratlid (4); their article provides an excellent, balanced summary of the field. In contrast, this article offers a particular perspective of evolving work on the toxicity of bilirubin

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An increase in the rate of breast‐feeding is beneficial for the developing countries both with regard to economy and health (1). The nutritional and immunological superiority of breastfeeding compared to artificial feeding is universally recognized. Breast‐feeding has advantages not only for the infant but also for the mother and the family unit. It has also been recognized as the most effective method of birth‐spacing in developing countries (2, 3) and it has advantages for the family because of its convenience and low cos

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The postnatal development of renal function was compared in infants with a gestational age of 25–30 weeks, mean 27.8 weeks (GA 28), and in infants with a gestational age of 31–34 weeks, mean 32.5 weeks (GA 32). The infants were comparable with regard to postnatal course, fluid, caloric and salt intake. Observations were made during the 1st, 2nd and 4th‐7th (mean 5th) postnatal weeks. From the 1st to the 5th postnatal week the creatinine clearance (CCrml/min/1.73 m2), increased from 11 to 20 in GA 28 and from 15 to 30 in GA 32. At 2 weeks of age CCrwas significantly lower in GA 28 than in GA 32. During the first week of life diuresis was lower in GA 28 than in GA 32 but thereafter was the same in both groups. We interpret this as a sign of dehydration in GA 28. Serum arginine vasopressin (S‐AVP) concentrations were high in both groups at all ages. Mean urine osmolality was low (<300) regardless of postnatal age and S‐AVP. Urinary sodium excretion was high at 1 week of age in both groups and decreased with increasing postnatal age. Na excretion was slightly higher in GA 28 than in GA 32 at 1 but not at 2 and 5 weeks. UK/UNa was below 1 in both groups during the first week of life and increased with postnatal age. Urinary aldosterone excretion was high in both GA 28 and GA 32 at all ages. Serum sodium levels were lower in GA 28 than in GA 32 at all ages. Hyponatremia was observed in 13/32 infants in GA 28 and in 1/45 infants in GA 32. We conclude that the postnatal development of renal function is retarded in all preterm infants and is slightly slower in infants with a GA below 31 weeks than in infants with a GA of 31–34 weeks. Extrarenal factors must contribute to the low serum Na values in infants with

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Serum concentrations of vitamin A were measured in term infants (n=72) and their mothers at delivery and after 20 weeks of breast‐feeding (n=48). During the 20 weeks the infants received either no supplemental vitamin A (but the mothers were given 3000 IU vitamin A daily) (n=16) or a daily vitamin A supplementation of 600 (n=17) or 1500 IU (n=15). After 20 weeks of breast‐feeding the vitamin A levels in the unsupplemented infants were similar to those at birth. The infants supplemented either with 600 or 1500 IU had higher vitamin A serum levels than at birth (p<0.01), however, there was no difference between the two supplemented groups. During lactation, the serum vitamin A concentrations of the mothers increased significantly in all groups with or without vitamin A supplementat

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Plasma fatty acids were studied in 20 full‐term newborn infants fed human milk and in 17 newborn infants of identical characteristics fed an adapted cow's milk formula. Plasma fatty acids were measured in cord blood and at 7–9 days of age. No differences were present at birth but, after a period of feeding, infants receiving breast milk had higher plasma concentrations of stearic acid, di‐homo‐γ‐linolenic acid and arachidonic acid, while infants receiving formula had a higher plasma concentration of oleic acid. The importance of these findings in relation to the lipidic structure of the nervous system remains to be

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct)was isolated from eyes of 33 out of 160 infants with neonatal conjunctivitis. In nineteen (58%) of the infants with chlamydial conjunctivitisCtcould also be isolated from the nasopharynx. All infants were treated with oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate 25 mg/kg every 12 hours for 14 days combined with lid hygiene. All were clinically cured, and none had a relapse of clinicalCtconjunctivitis during an observation period of one year. However, one infant had persistent asymptomatic chlamydial eye infection, two displayed a persistant infection of the nasopharynx, and one infant's vagina was infected despite therapy. Serum IgG antibodies toCtwere significantly more often detected in clinical cases (90%) than in controls (33%) (p<0.01). Infants with conjunctivitis developed detectable IgM antibodies toCtin 43% as compared to 7% in controls (p<0.01).

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.We studied the accuracy of the ponderal index and the mid‐arm circumference/head circumference ratio for detecting newborn infants who were likely to be symptomatic because of aberrant intrauterine growth. Sixty infants were evaluated because of suspected intrauterine growth retardation; both the mean ponderal index and mid‐arm circumference/head circumference ratio were significantly lower in the group of 30 symptomatic infants than in the group of 30 asymptomatic infants (p<0.05). However, the mid‐arm circumference/head circumference ratio identified a significantly higher percentage of the symptomatic infants than the ponderal index (80% vs. 47%;p=0.007). An additional 60 infants were evaluated because of suspected abnormal intrauterine growth acceleration. The mean mid‐arm circumference/head circumference ratio, but not the ponderal index, was significantly higher in the group of 30 symptomatic infants than in the group of 30 asymptomatic infants (p<0.005). Again, the mid‐arm circumference/head circumference ratio identified a significantly higher percentage of the symptomatic infants than the ponderal index (79% vs. 33%;p<0.001). The mid‐arm circumference/head circumference ratio is more accurate than the ponderal index for the evaluation of potentially symptomatic newborn infants who suffered abnormal fetal growth. The ponderal index is not useful for the detection of symptomatic large‐for

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Changes in forehead skin blood flow during active and quiet sleep were determined in 16 healthy neonates using a recently developed semi‐conductor laser Doppler flow meter without light conducting fibres. Measurements were carried out at a postnatal age varying from 5 hours to 7 days. The two sleep states could be distinguished in 17 recordings. The mean skin blood flow values during active sleep were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those during quiet sleep, the mean increase being 28.1%. The variability of the flow signal, expressed as the coefficient of variation, changed significantly from 23.1% during active sleep to 18.2% during quiet slee

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Previous studies have shown the impact of psychological stress in neonatal screening where the test result turns out to be false‐positive. The families in these studies received standardized medical and psychological support in connection with the clinical examination of their newborns. It was thus of interest to study the effect of making the same neonatal screening procedures—i.e., for congenital hypothyroidism—a part of the routine. Eleven families, who had been routinely examined at one of the five pediatric clinics in Stockholm were investigated. In the present study the same method as in previous studies was used, but the interviews were done 1–4 years after the screening. The psychological experiences of the parents were assessed with the aid of hypothetical models based on psychoanalytical theory. Only two families had a satisfactory outcome and nine families had experienced the clinical procedures as chaotic. The mother‐child relationship and the child's development were clinically evaluated. In six families the relationship was affected but only one child appeared to be disturbed. In conclusion, the development of routines for screening newborns is very important and the psychological needs of parents must be considered, even when the test result is false

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10634.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In a previous study the psychological reactions to a false‐positive result of a neonatal screening test were studied in 102 families. The present study deals with life‐stress factors in the same families at the time of screening. The number of factors are used to denote a life‐stress score and the families have been divided into two groups: those with high and those with low scores. The children's physical health during the first year and the changes in the families during the five years after the screening have also been investigated. There were no large differences between the two groups of families; however, the mothers in families with high scores more often breastfed their children for less than two months, more frequently required medical care during the infants’first year of life and were more often separated during the first fiv

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10635.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY