摘要:

It is known what the aim is in a complete long‐term growth study; the final height is the outcome measure, although the annual height velocity values provide additional information. Strictly, short‐term growth studies are also defined in terms of minimum length of observation, i.e. one month, as well as the type of measurement errors to be considered. The poor correlation between short‐ and long‐term growth velocity values has led to the conclusion that the short‐term study cannot be interpreted in long‐term perspectives, and vice versa. There is a need to debate the way in which results of short‐term studies should be interpreted. This is especially important when short‐term growth is taken as the outcome measure in a controlled study. Our proposal is that such studies must include information about the growth achieved for a period after the treatment has ended in order to describe possible compensatory growth. Without weighing in some long‐term consequences, we may incorrectly document short‐term growth as a positive or negative effect of

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Short‐term growth was studied during the grass pollen season with weekly knemometry in 44 schoolchildren with allergic rhinitis. The design was a randomized, parallel group study. After a four‐weeks run‐in period, the children were allocated to six weeks' treatment with either a single im injection of methylprednisolone acetate 60 mg at the beginning of the period, intranasal budesonide 200 μg bid (aerosol spray) or terfenadine tablets 60 mg daily. Treatment with methylprednisolone acetate was open, whereas treatment with budesonide and terfenadine was double‐blinded. Twelve children in the methylprednisolone acetate group, 11 in the budesonide group and 12 in the terfenadine group completed the study. Compared with the run‐in period, treatment with methylprednisolone acetate and budesonide (run‐in growth velocities 0.46 and 0.59 mm/week, respectively) was associated with a reduction in mean lower leg growth velocity of 0.28 and 0.54 mm/week (p<0.01, t = 3.3, 95% confidence interval 0.09–0.47 mm/week; andp<0.001, t = 6.1, 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.72 mm/ week, respectively). Terfenadine (run‐in and treatment mean growth velocity 0.35 and 0.51 mm/week) did not influence lower leg growth significantly. Short‐term lower leg growth is suppressed in children with allergic rhinitis treated with intranasal and depot steroids in the doses investigated. No conclusions can be drawn with respect to long

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pubertal linear growth in 66 adopted Indian girls was studied. The infancy‐childhood‐puberty standard was used, since it is applicable to Indian girls, and enables determination of the onset and height gain of the pubertal growth phase in an individual. At arrival in Sweden, mean height was —2.8 SDS. Despite rapid catch‐up growth, the girls were still below the reference mean (—0.8 SDS) at the onset of the pubertal growth spurt, which occurred approximately 1.5 years earlier than in Swedish girls and also earlier than in Indian girls. The pubertal height gain, however, was equivalent to that in Swedish girls with similar timing of puberty. The short final height found in some of these girls appears to be related to shortness prior to puberty and to very early onset of an otherwise normal pubertal growth

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Preformed lipid peroxidation products present in the feed may contribute to the total reactive oxygen radical load infants have to deal with and may play a role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In this study, the occurrence of lipid peroxidation in human milk and feeding formulas for preterm babies was evaluated in vitro. Free linoleic acid (18:2) and its hydroperoxide (18:2OOH) were measured by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and the concentration of 18:2OOH and the 18:2OOH/18:2 ratio were used as indices of peroxidation. In all feeds peroxidation products were present, but the proportion of peroxidized 18:2 was greater in infant formula. Storage of human milk (+4°C for four days) increased lipid peroxidation. Exposure to light during tube feeding incrcased pcroxidation in infant formula but not in human milk. Different procedures for preparation, storage and feeding may decrease the concentration of these potentially toxic peroxidized lipids in human milk and infant formu

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied the effect of lactoferrin on DNA synthesis in neonatal rat hepatocytes in primary culture to determine if this agent acts as a mitogen in human milk. Thymidine incorporation into the DNA of cultured hepatocytes stimulated by lactoferrin in the presence of insulin and human epidermal growth factor was examined. Iron‐saturated lactoferrin increased DNA synthesis of neonatal hepatocytes by 1.5 times and this potency was the same as that of insulin. It significantly enhanced the stimulatory effect of human epidermal growth factor plus insulin; DNA synthesis under these conditions was seven times that of control. Iron‐free lactoferrin did not affect DNA synthesis, nor did the exogenous addition of ferric ions. The enhancement of DNA synthesis by iron‐saturated lactoferrin was significant for neonatal hepatocytes, but not for adult hepatocytes. These results suggest that iron‐saturated lactoferrin, which itself had low mitogenic activity, is a co‐mitogenic substance for neonatal hepatocytes

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Vitamin K prophylaxis has been developed to prevent classic haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Single vitamin K administration after birth has been reported to fail, resulting in late haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. The preventive effect of oral administration of vitamin K11 mg, repeated weekly during the first three months of life, was studied in 48 healthy breast‐fed infants, by determination of thrombotest, PIVKA‐II and vitamin K1concentrations at the age of 4, 8 and 12 weeks. All infants showed normal thrombotcst values and PIVKA‐II was not detectable. Vitamin K1concentrations were negatively correlated with the number of days elapsed since the most recent vitamin K administration. Six to seven days after the latest application, mean levels were 1223,927 and 748 pg/ml at ages 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. In conclusion, weekly administration of vitamin K11 mg offers complete protection against vitamin K deficiency and does not result in an accumulation of vitamin K1in the

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lipid, lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A‐I, A‐II and B levels were determined in 10 very low‐birth‐weight (birth weight 1279 ± 144 g; gestational age 29.2 ± 1.2 weeks, mean ± SD) preterm infants on postnatal days 3, 10 and 21. Feeding with pooled human milk began on day 3 ± 1 and by day 10 all infants were exclusively enterally fed. Both triglyceride and total cholesterol levels increased significantly from day 3 to day 10 (0.84 ± 0.28 versus 1.53 ± 0.72 and 2.42 ± 0.47 versus 3.24 ± 0.80, mmol/l, respectively) (p<0.01); thereafter no further increase was observed. The increase in total cholesterol level was primarily due to a significant enhancement of very low‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.52 ± 0.34 versus 2.29 ± 0.73 mmol/l,p<0.01). Apo A‐I, A‐II and B levels did not change between day 3 and day 10. From day 10 to day 21, however, a significant increase in apo A‐I concentration was noted (0.57 ± 0.20 versus 0.87 ± 0.17 g/l,p<0.01), whereas apo A‐II levels increased significantly from day 3 to 21 (0.15 ± 0.03 versus 0.27 ± 0.08 g/l, p<0.01).

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Outcomes at 18–24 months corrected age of very low‐birth‐weight infants admitted to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in 1984–1987 (period 2) were compared with the outcomes of infants admitted in 1980–1983 (period 1) (total 1357 infants). In the 500–750–g birth‐weight subgroup, the survival rate increased from 32 to 54% (p =0.002). Rates of moderate and severe impairment at 18–24 months (neurosensory deficit, or Bayley corrected mental developmental index<68) in this subgroup decreased from 41 to 15% (p =0.005), and in those without severe impairment, mean mental Bayley scores in periods 1 and 2 were 84 ± 18 and 90 ± 16, respectively (p = 0.20). Analysis after exclusion of small‐for‐gestational‐age infants gave similar results. In the small‐for‐gestational‐age infants of birth weight 500–750 g, the survival rate increased but the impairment rate was unchanged between periods. It is concluded that outcomes improved in 1984–1987 compared with 1980–1983 only for i

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cutaneous microcirculation was investigated before and 2–4 h after haemodilution in 13 newborn infants with polycythaemia. Skin microvascular perfusion was related to the haematocrit and to the presence of rhythmical changes in blood flow, reflecting vasomotor activity. The microcirculation was studied with a laser Doppler fluxmeter in a superficial microvascular bed represented by the dorsal hand skin. In five subjects, it was possible to combine laser Doppler flux measurements with microscopic quantitations of blood cell velocity in single, nailfold capillaries. In neonates less than 12 h postnatal age (n= 6), microvascular perfusion was only one‐third that of the equally polycythaemic, but older infants (n= 7,p<0.01). The higher perfusion in the older neonates with polycythaemia was associated with rhythmical variations in blood flow (3–5 cycles/min). There was no difference in skin temperature, blood pressure or heart rate between the two age groups. After haemodilution, the younger infants had developed rhythmical blood flow variations with the same characteristics as in the older group, in which the flow pattern was unchanged. In association, the laser Doppler flux had increased 304% in the younger and 73% in the older group (median values,p<0.05 versus pretreatment values). The post‐treatment change in laser Doppler flux corresponded to an increase in nailfold capillary blood cell velocity from 0.08 (0.02–0.23) mmjs prior to haemodilution to 0.21 (0.07–0.32) mmjs after treatment (n = 5, p<0.05). Skin microcirculatory effects of neonatal polycythaemia and haemodilution vary in relation to vasomot

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb18038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY