摘要:

The concentration of epidermal growth factor in human and bovine milk was measured by radioreceptor assay. Both human placental plasma membranes and a human epidermoid carcinoma cell were used as the epidermal growth factor receptor source in the assay. The use of placental plasma membrane in the radioreceptor assay gave erroneous results for bovine milk and overestimated the concentration of epidermal growth factor in human milk. Intact cells appear to provide a more accurate measure of the concentration of epidermal growth factor in milk samples. Using A431 cells, we found very low concentrations of epidermal growth factor in bovine milk (<2 ng/ml) compared to human milk (30‐40 ng/ml). No epidermal growth factor activity was found in several cows' milk‐based infant formulas. These results highlight the caution which must be taken when measuring trace substances such as polypeptide growth factors in complex samples such as m

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A series of 20 mother‐infant pairs were studied in Brisbane, Australia, at 6–12 weeks postpartum. The mean selenium concentration in maternal blood was 101 (SD±19) ng/g and in maternal serum 81 (± 15) ng/g; serum values appeared low in comparison with those reported for lactating women from Japan and the USA, but similar to those from Finland and from a previous Australian study. Breast milk selenium concentrations (11.9 ± 3.5 ng/g) were also low by international standards, but not as low as in New Zealand or Scandinavia. There was no correlation between selenium concentrations in milk and blood (or serum). The infants' 24‐h breast‐milk intakes were 856 ± 172 g, and their 24‐h selenium intakes 10.7 ± 4.1 μg (compared to the Australia

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the present study salivary IgA, anti‐Escherichia coli, anti‐β‐lactoglobulin and anti‐poliovirus type 1 IgA and IgM in serum and saliva were evaluated longitudinally in 13 breast‐fed and 14 formula‐fed infants over the first six months of life. Salivary IgA was quantified by electroimmunodiffusion; specific IgA and IgM antibodies were determined in serum and saliva by ELISA. Salivary IgA was significantly lower at age one month in breast‐fed compared with formula‐fed infants but in breast‐fed infants salivary IgA increased with age and was significantly higher at six months than at one month. In both groups of infants, at the age of six months, salivary IgA levels were significantly lower than in adult controls. No significant differences in secretory anti‐E. coliwere observed between the two groups of infants. Salivary anti‐poliovirus IgA and IgM antibodies increased transiently only to disappear in most babies at age six months, while anti‐β lactoglobulin IgA and IgM, present in saliva at all ages, showed a wide scatter. No important differences in specific serum IgA or IgM antibodies were observed either between the groups or at differen

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human diet contains large amounts of trans fatty acids originating primarily from hydrogenated fats. Consumption of trans fatty acids is considered safe for man, but side effects, including impaired biosynthesis of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with 20 and 22 carbon atoms and reduced growth have been observed in animals. We studied whether or not there are indications of untoward effects of trans fatty acids in 29 premature infants (birth weight 1700 ± 127 g, gestational age 33.6 ± 1.4 weeks, mean ± SD). Plasma samples obtained on day 4 of life were analysed for fatty acid composition. Trans octadecenoic acid and total trans fatty acids in plasma lipid fractions (% wt/wt) were not related to the precursor essential fatty acids linoleic and alpha‐linolenic acids but correlated inversely to n–3 and n–6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and to the product/substrate ratios of long‐chain polyunsaturate biosynthesis. Trans fatty acids were also inversely correlated to birth weight but not to gestational age. These data indicate a potential impairment of essential fatty acid metabolism and early growth by trans isomers in man, and question the safety of high dietary trans isomer intakes during pregnancy and the pe

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Functional residual capacity was measured by helium gas dilution in 12 children born very preterm (gestational age 25–29 weeks). The children were studied at between 4.0 and 4.6 years of age. Their results were compared to those of 12 control children who were born at term without neonatal problems. The controls were matched to the children born preterm for age, race and gender. The children born preterm had significantly increased functional residual capacity values when compared to the control subjects (p120% of that predicted for height) compared to only one control subject (p<0.01). Five children born preterm and one control had a positive response to bronchodilator administration. These results suggest infants born very preterm may suffer from chronic hyperinflatio

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The growth of 171 seven‐year‐old children, free from major disability, with a birth weight of 2000 g or less was examined and compared with that of their own parents and of normal‐birth‐weight peers. Measurements included height, weight, occipitofrontal circumference, biparietal, occipitofrontal and bi‐iliac diameters, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness. Low‐birth‐weight children were shorter than their parents whereas those of normal birth weight were taller. For all parameters, particularly weight, the low‐birth‐weight children were significantly less well grown. There was no significant relationship between occipitofrontal circumference and int

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An inquiry was distributed to the parents of 1052 seven‐year‐old school beginners, concerning three issues, i. e. a known family history of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris before the age of 55 years and hyperlipidemia. A total of 147 children with a known family history were included in the study and compared with 148 classmates as control subjects. The proband children were subgrouped according to heredity factors and subjected to multivariate analysis at the 5% significance level for serum cholesterol fractions and trigycerides vs the control group. Statistically significant increased levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as an increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were found for all groups with heredity for hyperlipidemia (p<0.001). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the groups with heredity for myocardial infarction or angina pectoris exclusively. Also, there was no difference in any of the risk groups for high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. The serum cholesterol levels in the present study were, to our knowledge, higher than those found elsewhere, except for Finl

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anaemia has been shown to be associated with an increased apnoeic pause frequency and with cyanotic breath‐holding spells. In this study, the relationship between anaemia and apparent life‐threatening events was retrospectively investigated in 72 term infants referred for assessment and home monitoring following an apparent life‐threatening event. For 41 infants (25 male, 16 female; 38 Caucasian, three Asian) a venous red blood cell count was available. Their median age at the time of the apparent life‐threatening event was 2.0 (0.6‐6.7) months. The Hb levels in these 41 infants were plotted against normal data from the literature. Thirty‐four infants had Hb levels below the mean, whilst six infants had values above the corresponding normal mean; the one remaining infant had a Hb value identical to the normal mean. Significantly more infants than expected had Hb levels below the mean (p<0.001, binomial test). Anaemia may have played a role in the pathophysiology leading to life‐threatening events in some of the infants investigated

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seven children were diagnosed as having an emotional cause for growth failure. Pretreatment growth hormone secretion profiles during sleep were analysed using PULSAR. Mean (± SD) growth hormone concentration was 10.9 (4.4) mU/1, mean peak 19.6 (6.7) mU/1 and the peak‐to‐peak interval 147 (108) min. Mean (SEM) IGF‐1 was 1.08 (0.31). The seven children received a six‐month course of recombinant growth hormone in a double‐blind, crossover study using a dose of 1.2 U/kg/week (28 U/ m2/week). Daily placebo injections were given for the other six‐month epoch, with a one month washout period. The mean (SEM) growth velocity SD score after growth hormone administration was +4.66 (1.88) and after placebo ‐0.60 (0.69), each value being greater than the pretreatment value of ‐2.32 (0.122) (p<0.0001 on analysis of variance). The change in IGF‐1 during growth hormone treatment was not significant. No significant changes in food energy or prote

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We report the results of ultrasonographic screening to determine the prevalence of renal abnormalities in children. This study was conducted simultaneously with a regular health check using portable realtime ultrasound equipment, from July 1988 to June 1989. Of 2920 three‐year‐old children resident in Kurume City, 2351 (80.5%) were screened. Abnormalities were detected in 11 (0.47%) of these, involving six cases of pelvic dilatation, three cases of unilateral renal agenesis, and two cases of a unilaterally small kidney. However, the simultaneous urinalysis of these 11 children did not disclose these abnormalities. Our results indicate that ultrasonography is an efficient tool for screening for a silent renal abnormal

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY