ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12916.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Expression of S‐fimbriae is frequent inEscherichia colistrains causing sepsis and meningitis in the newborn period. We analysed the ability of human skim milk to inhibit adhesion of S‐fimbriatedE. colito human buccal epithelia. Adhesion was inhibited by up to 90% using colostrum (5%) and up to 50% with mature milk (5%), indicating that this anti‐infective mechanism depends on the period of lactation. Elimination of up to 99% of immunoglobulins and 91% of lactoferrin by affinity chromatography had no effect on the inhibition of adhesion. After separation of high‐ (>10 kD) and low‐molecular‐weight fractions of skim milk, only the fraction>10 kD was found to be able to inhibit bacterial adhesion. In order to further characterize receptor molecules for bacteria, we investigated binding of isolated S‐fimbriae to glycoprotein bands on Western blot strips. Fimbriae mainly bound to a high‐molecular‐weight band (>200 kD). According to molecular weight and staining behaviour, this band most likely represents mucins. We conclude that carbohydrate residues on secreted mucins of human skim milk are able to inhibit bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces. This could provide protection against neonatal sepsis and meningitis

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The pharmacokinetics of recombinant human insulin‐like growth factor I (rhIGF‐I) were studied in healthy volunteers and in patients with growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD; Laron syndrome). Following single subcutaneous injections of rhIGF‐I, 40 and 80 μgkg, to healthy volunteers, the peptide was absorbed slowly, with a maximum concentration reached after about 7 hours. Following daily multiple subcutaneous injections of rhIGF‐I, 40 μg/kg, trough concentrations of IGF‐I were increased by 277 ± 50 μg/l (mean ± SD) from baseline. IGF‐I was thus characterized as a low‐clearance peptide, with a clearance and half‐life estimated at about 0.20 ml/minute/kg and 20 hours, respectively, in healthy volunteers. The volume of distribution was low, about 0.20–0.36 litres/kg, the bioavailability of subcutaneously administered rhIGF‐I was 100%, and the rate of production of IGF‐I was estimated to be about 50 μg/kg/day (3.5 mg/day). Patients with GHRD had low baseline IGF‐I concentrations (30–50 μg/l) and a much more rapid turnover of IGF‐I compared with that in healthy volunteers. The clearance and half‐life of IGF‐I were estimated to be about 0.60 ml/minute/kg and 6 hours, respectively. The volume of distribution was about the same as in healthy subjects. Due to the rapid turnover of IGF‐I, trough IGF‐I concentrations were increased to just above baseline during subcutaneous injections of 40 μg/kg once daily for 7 days. The maximum increase in IGF‐I levels was 111 ± 12 μg/l and 150 ± 3 μg/l following daily subcutaneous injections of

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The growth hormone‐releasing hormone analogue GHRH(1–29)‐NH, was administered intravenously or intranasally to 30 healthy men aged 19–43 years. Intravenous injection of the lowest dose tested, 0.25 μg/kg body weight, elicited significant release of growth hormone (GH). Maximal release (mean GH peaks of about 90 mU/1) was obtained with a dose of 1–2 μg/kg. Although GHRH(1–29)‐NH2was rapidly eliminated after intravenous injection, GH levels were elevated for about 3 hours. Absorption of GHRH(1–29)‐NH2through the nasal mucosa was found to be low, and the bioavailability was only 3–5%. There was a dose‐dependent release of GH after intranasal administration of GHRH(1–29)‐NH2, with the maximal response obtained with about 50 μg/kg; this dose was approximately as potent as 1 μg/kg injected intravenously. The GH response after repeated intranasal administration of GHRH(1–29)‐NH2was sustained; there was no suppression of GH secretion during the night following a day when GHRH(1–29)‐NH2had been given three times intranasally. Based on these findings and the obvious convenience of intranasal administration compared with injections, it would be justified to test intranasal therapy for treatment of short stature in children with GH def

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Continuous wave Doppler velocimetry was performed in brachial, femoral and cerebral arteries in four preterm, four small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) and eight appropriate‐for‐gestational age (AGA) polycythaemic newborns before and at 3 and 24 h after partial plasma exchange transfusion and in 18 matched controls at 3 and 24 h after birth. In peripheral arteries, end‐diastolic flow velocity was zero in all eight AGA controls, but only in two of the other infants. Consequently, mean flow velocity and red cell transport in AGA controls were significantly lower than in the other five groups, which did not differ. Partial plasma exchange transfusion did not influence flow velocities and red cell transport in peripheral arteries, but normalized the flow velocities in cerebral arteries in all three subgroups of polycythaemic infants, which were lower than in control infants. Cerebral red cell transport in controls increased significantly between 3 and 24 h, and in polycythaemic infants between 0 and 3 h after partial plasma exchange transfusion. In conclusion, reduction in haematocrit had different effects on blood flow velocity and red cell transport of peripheral and cerebral vessels, suggestirng that the increased cerebral blood flow velocity after partial plasma exchange transfusign is not simply due to a reduction in viscosity or oxygen content of the blood. The lower peripheral blood flow velocities in normocythaemic AGA infants as compared to all other groups, suggest that the level of maturity is an important determinant for the capacity to regulate

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12865.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY