摘要:

ABSTRACT. Sjölin, S. and Vahlquist, B. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Child health in Sweden. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 485, 1974.—On the basis of relevant vital statistics, some characteristic features of the health of Swedish children during the last two centuries are presented and analysed with regard to probable causative factors. An attempt is also made to define in brief the child health problems of the futu

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Vanier, M.‐Th. and Svennerhohn, L. (Department of Neurochemistry, Psychiatric Research Centre, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Chemical pathology of Krabbe's Disease. I. Lipid composition and fatty acid patterns of phosphoglycerides in brain. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 494, 1974.—Lipid biochemical determinations were performed on autopsy material from 18 cases of Krabbe's disease, aged 7–23 months, collected in Sweden between 1960 and 1972.Cerebral white matter. The lipid concentration of the cerebral white matter was found substantially reduced. It was the same in 17 cases, independent of age at death, and rather similar to that of cerebral cortex. All major lipids were diminished, but the myelin lipids, cholesterol and particularly galactolipids (cerebrosides and sulfatides) were reduced more than the phospholipids. The ratio cerebroside/sulfatide was significantly increased, but this. was not a constant finding. The relative percentage of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides was decreased and that of choline phosphoglycerides increased. The fatty acid composition of the phosphoglycerides shifted towards values found in the white matter of 2 to 4 month‐old infants. In addition, a characteristic significant increase of arachidonic acid occurred.Cerebral cortex. Only minor changes were observed, but they were of the same type as some of the changes of the white matter: a decrease in the relative percentage of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and an increase of arachidonic acid.The lipid changes in Krabbe's disease are suggested to be the result of the combined effect of a serious myelin deficiency, and the replacement of the normal brain cytoarchi‐tecture by proliferated astroglial cells, ephitheliod cells and glo

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT: Vanier, M.‐Th. and Svennerholm, L. (Department of Neurochemistry, Psychiatric Research Centre, University of Göeborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Chemical Pathology of Krabbe's Disease. II. Fatty acid composition of cerebrosides, sulfatides and sphingomyelins in brain. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 501, 1974.—The fatty acid composition of sphingomyelins, cerebrosides and sulfatides was determined in cerebral tissue from 18 Swedish children aged 7–32 months, with Krabbe's disease. Sphingomyelins of the white matter had a fatty acid pattern which indicated a serious deficiency of myelin. The fatty acid pattern also suggested that a substantial amount of the sphingomyelins was derived from cells of mesenchymal origin. The cerebrosides, and to a certain extent the sulfatides of cerebral cortex and white matter, had a higher concentration of saturated very‐long‐chain C23‐C26acids than normal brains. The difference from the normal fatty acid pattern of cerebrosides was smaller in myelin. This suggests that the cerebrosides stored in the globoid cells have an abnormal fatty aci

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Zoumboulakis, D., Anagnostakis, D., Kiossoglou, K., Agathopoulos, A. and Tsenghi, C. (Department of Paediatrics, Athens University, Athens, Greece). Plasma and blood volumes in severely malnourished infants. Acta Wediatr Scand, 63: 507, 1974. —This study was carried out in order to gain some insight into the plasma and blood volume fluctuations in severely malnourished infants. By means of an isotope dilution technique and microhaematocrit measurements, plasma and blood volumes were studied in 18 severely malnourished infants, aged 5 to 20 months and in 5 healthy controls, aged 3 to 20 months. Both plasma and blood volumes were found to be considerably higher in the malnourished infants (79.22±14.5 ml/kg and 119±17.8 ml/kg, respectively) than those in the controls (51.6±6.8 and 76.4±7.7 mg/kg, respectively. The differences in both instances were statistically highly significant. When, however, plasma and blood volumes were expressed not by means of the actual body weight but per kg of the expected body weight for height, there were no significant differences between malnourished (50.6±9.4 ml/kg and 76.1±12.4 ml/kg respectively), and healthy infants (51.6±6.8 ml/kg and 76.4±7.7 ml/kg respectively). These results suggest that the absolute intravascular fluid volume, which plays an important role in maintaining normal homeostasis, is unchanged in mal

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Andersen, O. Ortved and Petersen, K. E. (Children's Hospital Fuglebakken, Copenhagen, Denmark). Enuresis. An attempt at classification hy genesis. Acta Paediatr Scand. 63: 512, 1974.—A series of 133 enuretic children aged 4–15 years is reported. Age variation. sex ratio. and distrihution of anamnestic data substantiate that the sign enuresis comprises an extremely heterogeneous group. The disease is therefore probably due to several causes. In an effort to elucidate in greater detail the causal relationship, int. al. with a view to its therapeutic significance. the material was divided into 4 groups: (A) Children with primary enuresis without behavioural disturbances. (R) Children with primary enuresis and behavioural disturbances. (C) Children with secondary enuresis without hehavioural disturbances. (D) Children with secondary enuresis and behavioural disturbances. It is demonstrated that boys, especially young boys, aged 4–6 years, usually belong to group A, whereas girls. in particular thnse aged 7–10 years, predominate in groups B+C+D. In girls the enuresis was more often of a diurnal nature, either in the form of isnlated diurnal or combined diurnal and nocturnal enuresis, especially in girls of groups B+C+D. Symptoms of urinary tract infection were also more common in girls than in boys, and predominantly among the girls nf groups B+C+D. Encopresis was twice as common in boys as in girls, also mainly in groups B+C+D. Data concerning a familial predisposition and heavy sleep could not contrihute to a further pathogenetic eluc

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Aperia, A., Broherger, O., Thodenius, K. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, S:t Göran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Developmental study of the renal response to an oral salt load in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 63: 517, 1974.—An evaluation of sodium homeostasis in 44 preterm infants with gestational ages between 29 and 37 weeks has been carried out during the first week after birth and until time of expected term. The natriuretic response to an oral sodium load has been studied in all infants and the GFR (single injection technique of inulin) in 17 infants. The results are compared with those previously found in full‐term infants. The natriuretic response was highest and the GFR was lowest in the very preterm neonates. In the very preterm infants the values for sodium excretion and GFR was just about the same at the time of expected term as in full‐term newborns. Various explanations for the difference between the very preterm neonates and full‐term neonates are discussed. One factor of importance might he the anatomical development. The immature kidney has in comparison to the adult kidney relatively larger glomerular than tubular mass. Extra‐uterine life seems to have little influence on the development of GFR as well as on the development of the response to the oral salt load. Thus in the very preterm infants, the postmenstrual rather than the postnatal age should be considered when prescribing fluid, electrolyte

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Hambræus, L., Hardell, L. I., Westphal, O., Lorentsson, Rosa, and Hjorth, Gunilla (Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Chemistry, and Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Uppsala, Sweden). Argininosuccinic aciduria. Report of three cases and the effect of high and reduced protein intake on the clinical state. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 525, 1974.—Three girls with argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) and hyperammonemia are reported. Two of them are siblings. They showed the typical clinical findings of ASA, i.e. developmental retardation, cerebellar ataxia and short brittle hair as well as episodes of changed behaviour or unconsciousness. The dietary history revealed that they all spontaneously had chosen a low‐protein diet, thus lowering the risks of hyperammonemia. The effect of different protein intake was studied by means of short time metabolic balance studies. High protein intake provoked clinical signs of encephalopathy, objectively registered EEG changes, most probably due to subsequent hyperammonemia. During 16–17 months follow‐up on a reduced protein intake—the easiest way to minimize the risks of hyperammonemia—no acute attacks of ammonia intoxication were observed but unfortunately the patients did not gain sufficient

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04843.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Degn, J. K., Wamberg, S., Engel, K. and Kildeberg, P. (Departments of Paediatrics, Clinical Chemistry, and Physiology, Odense University, Odense, Denmark). Metabolic alkabsis in obstructive vomiting. Volume depletion and balance of net acid. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 537, 1974.—Pre‐operative balances of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and phosphorus were determined in eleven infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Additional measurements included acid‐base status of blood and urine and concentrations of electrolytes in serum. From the balance data, the rate of retention of net acid (NAB), the pre‐operative change in chloride space (AECW), and the effect of extracellular volume expansion on blood “base excess” (BE) were derived. The observed pre‐operative change in blood BE was partitioned in retentional, dilutional, and distributional components by comparing estimates of such components based on known physiological constants with the results of multiple oorrelation analysis involving five predictor variables. The results indicate that the fall in blood BE to the normal range was almost entirely accounted for by volume expansion, and that retained net acid was probably neutralized by

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04844.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Butenandt, O., Bidlingmaier, F. and Knorr, D. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Munich, Germany). Effect of different human growth hormone preparations on nitrogen retention in hypopituitary children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 549, 1974.—The biologic activity of three different preparations of human growth hormone (HGH) obtained with the methods of Raben, Reisfeld and Roos respectively were compared in nitrogen retention tests in 18 patients with hypopituitarism and in 17 children with familial shortness of stature. HGH Raben produced a mean nitrogen retention of 30.9% in 11 hypopituitary patients and no retention in the control group, HGH Reisfeld was followed by a retention of 19.7% in the 9 hypopituitary patients and an elevated excretion of 12% in the control group, and HGH Roos evoked a retention of 33.2% only in the 9 hypopituitary children. HGH Reisfeld had a lesser response in consecutive tests with different HGH preparations in the same patients than the other two HGH preparations. The dilution curve of HGH Reisfeld obtained with a double antibody radio immunoassay did not parallel a dilution curve of a reference hormone from the National Institute of Health whereas the other two preparations had identical dilution curves. It is concluded that the method of extraction alters the biologic activity of the hormone as well as the physico‐chemical propert

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT. Weissbach, G., Domula, M., Lenk, H. and Schneider, P. (Paediatric Clinic of the Medical Department, Karl‐Marx‐University, Leipzig, DDR). The progressive anti‐thrombin activity and its relations to other factors of the coagulation system in newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand, 63: 555, 1974.—The progressive antithrombin and its relations to other factors of the coagulation system have been studied in chronically asphyxiated newborns. The progressive antithrombin activity was determined in 44 healthy and in 40 chronically asphyxiated newborns according to the method described by Gerendas&Monkhouse. The activity was clearly depressed in the asphyxiated group as compared with healthy full‐term newborns. Only within the group of asphyxiated newborns did the statistical analysis reveal close correlations between progressive antithrombin and the factors fibrinogen, plasminogen, thromboplastin time value, factor II, and thrombocytes. Furthermore, most of these were also closely correlated among themselves. The partly very close relations can be explained only by a simultaneous consumption of these constituents by disseminated intravascular coagulation processes and secondary hyper‐fibrinolysis. The decrease in progressive antithrombin is due to an irreversible binding of the antithrombin III to thrombin, liberated within

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1974.tb04846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY