摘要:

A Danish surveillance group established after the introduction of oral vitamin K prophylaxis monitored Danish cases with late onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding by regular questionnaires to all paediatric departments. Six cases were reported, one of whom died and three are severely handicapped. All cases occurred among an estimated 134,500 infants given a single oral 1 mg vitamin K' dose at birth. No cases have been reported so far during the existent regimen: 2 mg at birth and 1 mg weekly orally administered vitamin K during the first 3 months of life, given to at least 163,000 infants. The present study is concordant with the only other study on weekly peroral prophylaxis published. We consider the mentioned weekly regimen safe and appropriate.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Of 54 milk samples from 54 healthy nursing women analysed for volatileN‐nitrosamines, 42 appeared negative. Trace amounts (below the detection limit 0.5 μgl−1) ofN‐nitrosodimethylamine were detected in the milk of 10 mothers and two samples contained this compound at 1.1 and 1.2 μgl−1respectively. Almost all samples investigated contained nitrate (mean 2.9 ± 2.3 mgl−1) and nitrate reducing microorganisms (mean 4.2 ± 1.0 log ml−1). The recent finding ofN‐nitrosodimethylamine in human milk gives evidence of the continuous endogenous formation

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Selenium (Se) concentration in human milk in Poland is below 10 ng ml−1and the Se intake by breastfed infants is about 6 μg day−1. Supplementation of lactating mothers with selenium‐enriched yeast increases rapidly and significantly the Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in maternal blood components. Se concentration in milk is also significantly elevated. After 1 month the mean Se intakes by breastfed infants were greater than the recommended dietary allowance of 10 μg day−1for infants from birth to 6 mont

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The faecal acid steatocrit is an improved steatocrit method for the evaluation of faecal fat. The present study was set up in order to establish reference values during the first year of life. Faecal acid steatocrit values were determined in 58 healthy full term and in 16 healthy prematurely born infants. Very high acid steatocrit results (above 60%) were found in all premature and many formula‐fed term infants during the first 6 months of age, thereafter with values below 10%. In 40‐ to 120‐day‐old infants acid steatocrit results of human milk‐fed infants were significantly lower than those of formula‐fed infants (p<0.01). We conclude that high acid steatocrit results after the age of 6 months are indicative of fat malabsorption, while before this age high values can be due to “physiological steatorrhoea”. The acid steatocrit should be useful for the evaluation of milk fat absorp

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a retrospective evaluation we reviewed the symptomatology of 143 children (age 2–15 years, mean 8.9 years) who were referred to us for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy because of recurrent abdominal pain with a duration of 6 weeks or longer.Helicobacter pyloriinfection was diagnosed in 36 out of 143 patients (25.2%). No statistically significant differences could be detected between the symptoms experienced by the 36H. pylori‐infected children and those experienced by the remaining 107H.pylori‐negative pediatric patients (p= 0.18–0.60). We conclude that no specific symptoms are associated withH. pylorigastritis in children. Our observations suggest that the recurrent abdominal complaints found in children withH. pyloriinfection seem to be caused by the secondary gastroduodenal pathology, rather than byH. pyloriinfection

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a rural community‐based prospective study, diarrhoea in relation to the feeding patterns of a cohort of infants was studied. A total of 148 infants between the ages of 0 and 2 months were enrolled and followed until the completion of 1 year of age. Survival analysis showed that by the fourth month of age exclusive breastfeeding dropped by 75%. The proportion of complementary breastfeeding increased from 18.6 to 52.9% during the same period and to 83.7% by the eighth month. This study clearly highlights the tendency for early switch over from exclusive breastfeeding to complementary breastfeeding. Early weaning was associated with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 3.02 (95% CI 1.043–8.802). The IRR of 3.02 and its confidence limits (1.043–8.02) suggest a significant protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against diarrhoea in infants. The results of this study indicate that promotion of exclusive breastfeeding has a potential role to reduce the incidence of diarrhoea amongst infants. The findings of this study will be useful for Diarrhoeal Disease Control Programme in reducing diarrhoeal morb

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since the mechanisms underlying hyponatraemia in meningitis are poorly understood, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 187 paediatric patients with bacterial meningitis treated at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Bern, Switzerland, between 1982 and 1994. The degree of dehydration calculated from naked weight on admission and at 5 days was consistently (by 2.8 × 10−2) and significantly more pronounced in 30 hyponatraemic (plasma sodium 130 mmoll−1or less) than in 157 normonatraemic patients (plasma sodium 131 mmoll−1or more). Furthermore, a tendency towards reduced sodium excretion was noted in hyponatraemic patients. The results suggest that in bacterial meningitis hyponatraemia is mostly induced by clinically latent fluid volume dep

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the first months of postnatal life serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in girls are lower than in boys. The mechanism of this sex difference is not known. In order to study the possible influence of high levels of androgens and other adrenal steroids on serum gonadotropins during the first months of life, nine girls with salt‐losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), mean ± SD age 17.1 ± 7.52 days at diagnosis, were studied before and during oral hydrocortisone replacement therapy for 45.7 ± 29.8 days. A control group of 16 girls (C1) and 15 boys (C2), mean ages 41.7 ± 33.6 and 59.3 ± 43.3 days, respectively, was also studied. Serum LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined by enzymoimmunoassay in the presence of one monoclonal and one polyclonal antibody. In treated girls with CAH, mean ± SD serum LH (3.49 ± 82 IU1−1) was significantly higher than in C1 (0.47 ± 0.38)p<0.02, and similar to C2 (2.52 ± 1.74), while mean ± SD serum FSH (3.72 ± 1.78 IU1−1) was not different from C1 (6.57 ± 5.23). The mean ± SD serum FSH/serum LH ratio (2.53 ± 1.44) was lower than in C1 (14.9 ± 13.6) and similar to C2 (1.60 ± 1.69). These data suggest that high levels of foetal and/or perinatal adrenal steroids, probably androgens, might modulate gonadotropin secretion after the neonatal period. The fact that, after adrenal steroid suppression, serum LH and the serum FSH/serum LH ratio in these infant girls with CAH were similar to that of control boys suggests that foetal or perinatal androgenic steroids have an effect on the control of LH secretion that persists afte

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated serum and urinary markers of bone turnover in 14 children with asthma during inhaled budesonide and nedocromil treatments. Both the markers of formation (serum carboxy‐ and aminoterminal propeptides of type I procollagen and serum osteocalcin) and the markers of degradation (serum carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen and urinary pyridinium cross‐links) decreased (p<0.05) during budesonide treatment for 6 months. During inhaled nedocromil treatment (for the following 6 months), the markers returned to the normal levels. These transient decreases in the markers of both formation and degradation of bone suggest that inhaled budesonide may slightly decrease the bone turnover rate. However, normal “coupling” between formation and degradation seemed to operate, e.g. a change in one resulted in a corresponding change in the other, so that net bone loss did not necessar

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study aims were to review the clinical features of a group of patients with Noonan syndrome and to further elucidate their bleeding tendency. Eighteen patients (12M, 6F) aged 2.6–13.3 years underwent a clinical assessment, a questionnaire of their bleeding tendency and laboratory coagulation studies. Nine had cyanotic spells or breathing difficulties after birth; 11 had poor feeding or weight gain. Increased bruising or bleeding was reported in 12 (67%), four of whom had bleeding from the oral cavity. Excessive bleeding was not reported from operative procedures in other sites. Partial thromboplastin time was prolonged in 10 (56%) associated with low levels of clotting factors, particularly XI and XII. Bleeding times were normal; one had marginal thrombocytopenia. Coagulation results did not correlate with bruising history and may not predict bleeding risk. Care is required when Noonan syndrome patients undergo surgery, particularly of the oropharynx, with immediate availability of suitable blood product

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb18225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY