摘要:

ABSTRACT.The literature on oral sugar‐electrolyte mixtures for treatment of acute diarrhoea is reviewed. Several trials have shown that the solution proposed by the WHO for developing countries containinginter alia90 mmol/l of sodium and 111 mmol/1 of glucose is safe for short term oral rehydration. When used in this manner there is no risk for development of hypernatraemia. The surplus base of the solution is not essential and, furthermore, other anions e. g. acetate may be substitute for bicarbonate. Other modifications of the WHO formula have also been successfully tried, e. g. sucrose 4 % (117 mmol/l) in stead of glucose

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Two groups of infants aged 2 to 20 months with moderate to severe dehydration were randomly assigned to either sucrose high sodium (90 mEq/l) or sucrose low sodium (58 mEq/l) solution in a double blind manner. Rehydration was assessed on clinical grounds and confirmed by serial determination of body weight, hematocrit, total serum protein and blood urea nitrogen. Twenty (80%) of 25 patients on sucrose high sodium solution and 20 (77%) of 26 patients on sucrose low sodium solution were successfully hydrated. Only the assigned sucrose‐electrolyte solution was given during the average rehydration period of about 7 hours when the serum electrolytes were remeasured. Three patients on high sodium solution developed mild hypernatremia. Slight hyponatremia was encountered in 2 patients on low sodium solution. Purging rate was significantly higher in patients who failed as compared to those who succeeded. The results of this study suggest that oral sugar electrolyte solution with sodium concentration of 90 mEq/l is safe and effective in the majority of infants with diarrhoeal dehydration of diverse causes. However, intravenous fluids must be available particularly for those with a high purging rate as a significant number of them may fai

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The experience of four hundred and ninety children from the Nordic countries who had their antileukemic therapy stopped prior to January 1981 is presented. The observation times after stopping therapy were between 1 month and 19 years. One hundred and five children (21.4%) relapsed before January 1981. No children relapsed later than four years after cessation of therapy. The calculated long term relapse rate is 28%.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A child with a diagnosis of lateinfantile metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), and a normal father with low arylsulfatase A (ASA) activity in leucocytes and cultured fibroblasts is described. The child had a pathologically increased amount of sulfatides in the urine, whereas no sulfatides could be found in the father's urine. Sulfatide‐loading of the child's cultured fibroblasts showed an accumulation of sulfatides, whereas the fibroblasts from the father had a marginally decreased sulfatide turnover. It is thus possible to discriminate between these two forms of low ASA activity in this family, and to ensure a correct diagnosis should the amniotic fluid cells show a low ASA activity in future pregnancle

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Thirty‐seven preterm infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome were prospectively studied for the effect of the early closure of patent ductus arteriosus with indomethacin on the course of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Serial retrograde aortograms were performed in all infants in order to visualize the ductus arteriosus, apart from three patients, who died early and were evaluated aortographically only once. The ductus was initially open in 27 infants and closed in 10 infants. The infants with open ductus arteriosus were randomly divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 13 infants, in whom the ductus was closed with indomethacin at a median age of 18 hours. The other 14 infants served as controls. Total time on assisted ventilation and duration of exposure to additional oxygen were significantly shorter in medicated infants than in controls. Oxygenation of infants with an initially closed ductus was better from birth and duration of their ventilatory assistance and oxygen exposure were shorter than in infants with initial ductal shunting. The data suggest that the early closure of the patent ductus arteriosus with indomethacin in distressed preterm infants has a favourable effect on the course of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrom

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Of the systolic time intervals, the preejection period is known to correlate well with invasively measured isometric contraction time, and increase of the quotient preejection period/left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) is considered to be of a good indicator of left ventricular failure. The different systolic time intervals have been recorded from the carotid pulse curve from 40 normal children, 20 aged five and 20 aged ten years. Their PEP/LVET was 0.31 ± 0.04. Seventy‐eight children with different heart diseases were then investigated. In patients with congenital total heart block or extrasystoles, there was a negative correlation between PEP/LVET and the R‐R interval, in accordance with the Frank‐Starling law. In patients with ventricular septal defects PEP/LVET differentiates between small and large shunts; the increased PEP/LVET of the latter normalizes after operation. The increased PEP/RVET of children with transposition of the great arteries is an expression of the inadequacy of the right ventricle as a systemic chamber. In aortic stenosis “normalization” of a previously decreased PEP/LVET may indicate early left ventricular failure. In primary myocardial disease registration of the systolic time intervals enables us to follow the left ventricular function more closely than is possible with invasive

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Blood pressure measurements were evaluated in 151 children aged 2–19 years old with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) of a duration of few months to 15 ½ years. Compared with a reference group, the diabetic children had lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) shortly after start of DM. There was no difference for the systolic blood pressure (SBP). After duration of diabetes of 5 years there were no significant differences in SBP and only significantly lower DBP in girls (median difference 5 mmHg,p<0.01), while the difference in boys is insignificant (median difference 2 mmHg,p=0.32). In a model describing the intraindividual variation in blood pressure and its dependence on age, weight and height it was found that age was insignificant when weight and height were included. For DBP height was also insignificant when weight was included. For the 9 children with retinal microaneurysms the average SBP was significantly higher than expected for diabetic children of that weight and he

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.We studied 27 patients with congenital hypothyroidism by neurological and psychometric methods. 7 healthy siblings served as a control group for the psychometric evaluation. In 7 patients treatment had been started before the age of 1 month and in 10 patients after the age of 3 months. Our findings suggest that the progressive loss of intelligence potential starts from birth but if treatment is begun before the age of 1 month, then intelligence remains within normal range. The neurological damage seems to originate partly before birth, but more serious injuries arise if treatment is delayed beyond the age of 3 months.

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In order to evaluate after birth the changes in circulating vitamin D metabolite levels in preterm babies supplemented with vitamin D (2100 I. U./d), the serum concentration of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25‐OHD] and 1 α,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D [1, 25(OH)2D] were measured in 22 infants (31 to 35 weeks of gestation) from birth up to 96 hours of age. Compared to cord blood levels, serum calcium decreased significantly during the first 24 hours of life (p<0.005) and remained low until day 4. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels increased from birth to 24 hours and then plateaued. The 25‐OHD levels at birth were 27.5±2.5 nmol/l and increased to 67.5±12.5 nmol/l (p<0.005) during the four days of the study. During the same period, the 1, 25(OH)2D serum levels increased steadily from 84<7 to 343<105 pmol/l (p<0.005). At all times, there was a positive correlation between 25‐OHD levels and those of 1, 25(OH)2D. Our data demonstrate that in preterm infants after 31 weeks of gestation, absorption and activation of vitamin D is present as soon as 24 hours after birth and that early neonatal hypocalcemia is unlikely to be caused by an impairment of either PTH secretion or vitamin

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A fourteen‐year‐old boy developed severe symptomatic hypercalcaemia following prolonged supine bed rest for major trauma. Treatment consisted initially of intravenous saline and frusemide together with oral phosphate, followed by intramuscular salmon calcitonin. Only after mobilisation and weight bearing was a sustained fall of plasma calcium to normal achieved. Plasma immunoreactive parathorntone levels using both N‐terminal and mixed terminal specific antisera were always undetectable and urinary cyclic AMP levels were within the normal range throughout. However, before mobilisation, the tubular reabsorption of phosphate was reduced and that of calcium was increased thus indirectly suggesting increased parathormone activity. The hypercalcaemia was due to a combination of increased calcium release from bone and increased tubular reabsorption. We suggest that a factor other than parathormone is responsible for altered tubular handling of calcium and phosphate which develop following prolonged immobilisation in these pat

ISSN:0803-5253    

DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY