ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The National Trust was founded in 1895 to preserve land and its associated flora, fauna and buildings. The Trust's land holding has since increased to over 220000 ha, of which almost one‐third is of high nature conservation value. The protection provided by Trust ownership is particularly important for certain species. In recent years land management for nature conservation has been transferred from volunteers to professional staff and links with other conservation bodies have been developed. A special programme began in 1979 to survey the wildlife of Trust properties. Research is encouraged where it will benefit management. In some areas where traditional management has lapsed the Trust has invested considerable resources into restoring former regime

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

N. C. Rothschild who founded the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves, stressed the importance of conserving specific habitats–especially those with no exact counterpart on the European mainland–and making surveys of such areas worthy of conservation. He also stressed the importance of the management of existing reserves. Owing to the conditions which pertained during World War II the area at Ashton Wold, subsequently declared a Site of Special Scientific Interest, lacked management for several years. The open spaces in the woodland became overgrown, the tree cover increased, drainage declined and the change which took place in the fauna and flora illustrated the need for enlightened management. The re‐creation and creation of nature reserves and flowering grassland at Ashton are disc

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper traces the development of the nature protection movement in Britain, focussing on the relationship of the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves to those bodies striving to preserve amenity and promote outdoor recreation. Stress is laid on the opportunities presented by post‐war reconstruction in the 1940s and the initiatives taken by ecologist

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An official organization responsible for ecological research and nature conservation was formed in 1949. This paper traces its development and vicissitudes, first as an independent Nature Conservancy, then as a part of the Natural Environment Research Council, and finally as the Nature Conservancy Council. Much has been achieved: ecology is now a household word; there is a strong voluntary tide for nature conservation in the country; and there have been notable achievements in practical conservation. But the dangers to nature in Britain have proved to be much greater than anticipated.

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With the single exception of Norfolk, the Conservation Trust movement originated in the spate of conservation developments following the Second World War. After a hesitant start it grew rapidly after 1960 and covered the whole of Britian within a few years. At the same time the Royal Society for Nature Conservation (formerly the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves) became the national association of the Trusts, a role which it has increasingly developed. The movement also enjoyed from the outset the support and encouragement of the Nature Conservancy. Intensification of land use in the post‐war years caused increasing loss of sites of scientific interest, and the Trusts concentrated their efforts on establishing and managing nature reserves. Their policies and achievements in this respect are described. Increasingly, however, they have sought to influence land use planning and practices in the interests of conservation in the wider countryside and in the urban environment. They have also continued to expand their equally important role in promoting the understanding and enjoyment of nature and the advancement of conservation as a community concer

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00425.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Early conservation centred on legislation to prevent species declines. It now includes habitat conseivation, through the establishment of reserves and land management practices in the wider countryside. This need for a broader approach is increasingly acknowledged and presents great opportunities.Bird enthusiasts, for obvious reasons, have been in the forefront of conservation. This interest continues nationally and internationally.

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00426.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Concern to protect wild plants began possibly as early as the eighteenth century. The early‐Victorian liberal tide brought the first protests at the over‐collecting of rarities, but it seemingly needed the shock of the mid‐century fern craze to swing botanical opinion to the cause of moderation. Protective legislation and the establishment of sanctuaries thereafter became the twin concerns, but progress was disappointing. Conservation and the creation of reserves, the fruit of ecological thinking, rose to be the dominant aim only after the Second World War. Developments since then have been rapid and substa

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00427.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Unlike some other kinds of wildlife, insects have little attraction for the public. Insects tend to be a specialist interest, partly because the numbers of species are so large. This concentrates attention on insect identification and the impossibility of accomplishing this in the field except in a few cases. Some conflict between economic entomologists and conservationists has been apparent. Conservation organizations, including those specifically interested in insects, have influenced attitudes, as has the development of ecology, applied biogeography, and other scientific disciplines. Legislation for insect conservation is not satisfactory; not enough emphasis is laid on habitat conservation and the concepts of protected and endangered species are confused. Better cooperation and understanding between legislators and field entomologists are desirable. Species conservation in Britain emphasises butterflies. Many of the species thought to be threatened with extinction in 1925 are also of priority concern today. Better habitat management and re‐establishments, both national and local, are important conservation activities. In the Third World, conservation is closely linked with utilization of the resource. This rational and sustainable use is in accordance with the World Conservation Strategy and benefits the rural poor in areas where attitudes to conservation in the developed world are inappropriat

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00428.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This century has seen major changes in the composition of the British mammal fauna and the abundance of many species, but attitudes towards mammals have changed significantly only relatively recently. The influence of the Mammal Society, popular books, conservation campaigns, radio and television are considered. The passing of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 is identified as a turning point and major catalyst in developing new and positive attitudes, especially towards bats. Attitudes of an essentially urban public towards animals are increasingly unrelated to questions of economic utility and are becoming more paternalistic and protective. They also foster popular campaigns to ban blood sports which need careful appraisal because saving individuals of some common species may lead to loss of whole populations of others as a result of habitat changes.

ISSN:0024-4066    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY