摘要:

One of the most successful earth science programs—the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES) Deep‐Sea Drilling Project—is completing nearly a decade of scientific and technological achievements. As this period closes, these accomplishments are being reviewed in order to assess what course any future program of scientific ocean drilling should take. While such an assessment would normally appear to be simple in the light of past performance, it is complicated by the fact that some of the future drilling objectives require even more expensive technology than that already being uti

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i004p00179

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nature of research in the atmospheric sciences is changing rapidly in what may be thought of as three distinct revolutions, each involving a different level of the atmosphere and each in a different stage of development. The first revolution, in meteorology and climatology, has been brought about by weather satellites, giant computing facilities, and carefully coordinated international research programs; it is already well advanced. Public concern over the future of the ozone layer has spawned the second revolution, which involves the middle atmosphere (the region between about 15 and 100 km in height); this revolution has just begun. The nature of the third revolution is only now becoming apparent. It concerns the study of the atmosphere above about 100 km, a study that I shall call ionospheric physics.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i004p00180

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The region of the earth below the land surface and above the water‐saturated zone plays a major role in determining the behavior of hydrologic systems. To help educators and other interested individuals evaluate and continue molding the U.S. educational effort in the hydrology of the unsaturated zone, the AGU Hydrology Section Committee on Water in the Unsaturated Zone conducted a study of the number and level of university educational programs involved in unsaturated zone hydrology.The basis for this report was the questionnaire shown here as Figure 1. A total of 189 questionnaires were sent to departments in schools of engineering, earth science, and agriculture. Nine of the 114 returns were rejected because of mistakes or duplication. The remaining 105 could be divided almost half and half into those from departments in schools of engineering and schools of earth science (58) and those from schools of agriculture (47

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i004p00190

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A mooring system that makes floating breakwaters possible in deepwater harbors has been designed by Tokuo Yamamoto at Oregon State University (OSU) as a by‐product of his fundamental investigations of the interaction of waves and floating objects.Yamamoto found that the waveweakening ability of circular floating breakwaters is almost independent of the type of mooring and that round breakwaters are consistently effective for smaller waves. However, his research has shown that the waveweakening capability of rectangular or elliptical breakwaters is strongly dependent on the type of moorin

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i004p00193-02

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

NASA's Pioneer 11 will fly just outside the rings of Saturn during the first encounter with that planet in 1979. This decision was announced recently by Noel Hinners, NASA Associate Administrator, and A. Thomas Young, Director of Planetary Programs.The Pioneer spacecraft will pass 30,000 km from the edge of the outer ring and will swing in, under the ring plane, to a distance of 25,000 km from the surface of Saturn. The chances of surviving this outside pass are estimated to be much greater than those of surviving an inside pass, which would have brought Pioneer as close as 6000 km to the planet.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i004p00194-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Earthquake research by the U.S. Geological Survey will more than double during the current budget year. According to Robert M. Hamilton, chief of the Office of Earthquake Studies at the USGS National Center in Reston, Virginia, ‘The large increase in the Nation's earthquake research budget reflects heightened concern over the potentially disastrous consequences of future major earthquakes in the United States.’The concern is shared widely, as is evidenced by the recent passage and enactment of theEarthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977. The act, which recognizes the major roles to be undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Science Foundation, directs the establishment of a National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program and authorizes direct appropriation to the two agenc

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i004p00195-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Directorate for Applied Science and Research Applications (ASRA) of the National Science Foundation was recently established to strengthen the links between applied and problem‐oriented research and NSF's basic research activities. The new directorate includes most of the functions of the Research Applications Directorate in keeping with the objectives and organizational structure presented by a science applications task force headed by John Whinnery of the University of California at Berkeley. Jack T. Sanderson, formerly assistant director for Research Applications, will continue as assistant director for ASR

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i004p00196-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The following geophysical and meteoritic events were reported by the Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN), Smithsonian Institution, NHB Stop 129, Washington, D.C. 20560.A major deflation event at Krafla Caldera (Iceland) began January 6.The next morning, deflation rate increased, and harmonic tremor began. Earthquakes with maximum magnitude of 4.8 migrated to 30 km north of the caldera January 7 and to 10 km farther north by January 9, indicating magma injection into Krafla's northern fissure zone. Deflation and seismicity continued until January 22. Uplift then resumed but has been interrupted several times, coinciding with periods of harmonic tremor. Earthquakes, many with magnitudes greater than 4, were continuing in early February from the fissure zone. Tilt equivalent to about 110 cm of caldera subsidence was recorded during the deflation event, and up to 2 m of rifting may have occurred 25–50 km north of Krafla. However, no marked change in geothermal activity was observed, and no visible eruption occurre

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i004p00197

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Margaret Galland Kivelson is a professor of space physics in residence in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences and a research geophysicist at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles. Upon confirmation, she will be the principal investigator for the magnetometer investigation on the Jupiter Orbiter Probe mission to be launched in 1981. She received an A.B. degree, magna cum laude, in 1950 and an A.M. in 1951 from Radcliffe College and a Ph.D. in 1957 from Harvard University, where her dissertation dealt with quantum electrodynamics.Her two children were born while she was studying for a Ph.D. Her desire for part‐time employment while her children were young initially limited her options. Since part‐time faculty positions were not available in the Los Angeles area, she accepted a position with the Rand Corporation with flexible hours. For the next 10 years, her research focused on equations of state at high pressure and on theoretical plasma phys

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i004p00210

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An excellent open meeting of the subcommittee with about 30 in attendance (including six men) was held on December 6, 1977, during the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. Those attending completed a special questionnaire providing the subcommittee with additional information. Please write to AGU headquarters, 1909 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, Attn.: Susan McAllister, if you would like to receive a blank questionnaire for completion.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i004p00211-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY