摘要:

The revised FY 1981 budget for the National Science Foundation (NSF) reduces the agency's request by 6.9%. According to the first detailed information on cuts that has been released by the agency, the original budget of $1.148 billion will be reduced to $1.074 billion.An additional $18 million, for applied research, is to be deferred from the FY 1980 request until a later time. As a result, Engineering and Applied Sciences will be shorn of $9.5 million; the remaining $8.5 million is spread over most other programs.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO061i017p00177

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Frequently, one can assess the level and growth of activity in a field of science by means of fiscal figures which reflect the financial support of the federal government. Assessment of the levels of activity of the atmospheric and oceanic sciences for the 1981 fiscal year should be possible because most projects are funded by the government; the problem is that research in the atmospheric and oceanic sciences is closely interrelated, parts of one being supported by the others. Furthermore, at least nine federal agencies support atmospheric and oceanic research, including the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Energy, Interior, and Transportation, and the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aeronautic and Space Administration, and the National Science Foundation.Total federal expenditures in FY 1981 for research and development in both sciences will be about $575 million. A few of the federal agencies' or departments' programs are included as follows, in millions of dollars (from F. D. White, Intersociety Preliminary Analyses of R&D in the FY 1981 Budget, report, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1980).

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO061i017p00178

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

President Carter's proposed budget cuts would reduce total obligations for federal research and development (R&D) by $355 million in FY 1980 and $1.054 billion in FY 1981, according to figures released by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). That is a 1.1% reduction from the $31.96 billion originally scheduled for FY 1980 and a 2.9% reduction from the $36.14 billion set for FY 1981.Support for basic research will drop $16 million in FY 1980 (down 0.3% from the $4.531 billion in the January budget) and $194 million in FY 1981 (down 3.8% from the January figure of $5,074 billion).

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO061i017p00180

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An unprecedented engineering project by a power company may give researchers a chance to look deep into the Precambrian basement of northern Illinois.Commonwealth Edison (Com Ed), a major supplier of electricity in that region, is drilling an exploratory hole near Winslow, in Stephenson County (expected final depth: 1650 m), as part of an effort to determine if it is feasible to build an underground hydroelectric plant. The system will pump water to a surface reservoir at night, then generate power by dropping the water through turbines to an underground reservoir during the day, when demand for electricity is high.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO061i017p00181

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A book and a colloquium (March 11–14, 1981, Tucson, Arizona) on comets has been announced by the Organizing Committee, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona. Little is known about comets, and thus books at almost any level on the subject are rare. Perhaps the most complete at this time isComets, Asteroids, and Meteorites(A. H. Delsemme (Ed.), University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 1977), the published proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Colloquium in Grenoble, 1976. In light of the coming of Halley's comet in 1985 and the planned space missions to study comets in this decade, there is a great need for a more extensive source book on the subject, where none exist

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO061i017p00182

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Electromagnetic fields of low frequencies with periods smaller than about 1 hour can easily penetrate from the lower into the upper atmosphere, and vice versa, with very short time constants. Therefore, they can serve as a coupling link to transfer energy from one region into another. One prominent example is the transfer of kinetic energy of the solar wind into thermal energy of the upper atmosphere via a magnetohydrodynamic generator process in which the electric convection field of the magnetosphere is the link between magnetosphere and ionosphere by the driving of high‐latitude electric currents within the dynamo region.Another example is the electric coupling between the ionosphericEandFlayer via the electric polarization field of theSqcurrent. Here, the surf's thermal energy input into the lower and the middle atmosphere is redistributed via the generation of tidal waves, associated electric fields andSqcurrents atElayer heights, and the driving ofFlayer winds by the polarization field mapped upward into theFlayer. Finally, the thunderstorm electric fields within the troposphere can map into the magnetosphere, and they may be responsible for field‐aligned irregularities in that region, or electric fields of magnetospheric origin may map downward into the lower atmosph

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO061i017p00184-01

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO061i017p00195

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY