摘要:

In commenting on the growth of science and the possibility of a ‘saturated state of science’ in his thought‐provoking series of lectures at Yale in the latter part of 1959, Derek J. deS. Price (Science Since Babylon, Yale University Press, 1961) remarked that ‘Not only is science changing more and more rapidly, it is entering a completely new state. In this new state, our civilization will rise or fall according to the tactics and strategy of our application of our scientific efforts. It is anarchical to decide such issues by merely letting ourselves be ruled by the loudest voices.’ Just how these issues will be resolved is not quite clear, but it is almost certain that there is no single mechanism available, or just around the corner, that will do the job. Whatever is to be accomplished will be the sum total of a great number of individuals and of scientific associations such a

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR042i004p00425

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The classical methods of geology permitted study of the structure of the thinnest surface film of the Earth's crust with a thickness up to several kilometers. Deep drilling and geophysical prospecting methods have expanded somewhat the scope of geological investigations, but nevertheless have not extended them beyond the surface sector of the Earth's crust.At the same time, no doubts exist that the processes evoking the upheavals and subsidences of the Earth's crust, the wrinkling of its layers into folds, the formation of fissures in it, the genesis of earthquakes, the formation of molten magma, volcanic eruptions, and the formations of magmatic intrusions, occur either in the lower strata of the Earth's crust, that is, on the continents at depths of several tens of kilometers, or, even more often, beneath the Earth's crust at a depth of several hundreds of kilometers, in the upper part of the so‐called Earth's mantl

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR042i004p00426

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The earliest non‐governmental programs in oceanography in the United States—and still the most comprehensive—are those of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California. When these were established they were independent of other institutions of science, except administratively, and were physically separated from them. Thus, there was no occasion to define oceanography in relation to the specific activities of other scientific fields.In recent months increasing thought has been given to the importance of our marine environment and to more effective means of studying it. Oceanography is the center of interest of a committee of the National Academy of Sciences; the President's Science Advisory Committee is deeply concerned with its problems; Congress is considering suitable legislation; and President Kennedy has stated that we have neglected oceanog

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR042i004p00429

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the arid regions of the tropical zone, surface runoff rarely provides an answer to the problems of water supply. Under prevailing conditions, evaporation (about 13 ft. per year) would absorb the greater part of the water which could be stored in dams. It is none the less necessary to study this form of flow for the following reasons: in the particular case of very deep gorges traditional type reservoirs may be envisaged; knowledge of certain data pertaining to surface hydrology is necessary to the creation of reserves in the sands of river beds; the ground water recharge cannot be studied from the quantitative aspect unless measurements of the various processes of the water cycle are recorded.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR042i004p00432

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The techniques of high pressure research are being profitably applied to a wide variety of scientific problems. Since there have recently been a number of significant advances in technique, this conference provided a timely opportunity for interdisciplinary discussions. The sponsors of the conference, Materials Central, Wright Air Development Division of the US Air Force, and the Research Laboratory of the General Electric Company, have made a valuable contribution in organizing these discussions and in making the proceedings available in book form.The emphasis in most of the papers is on results rather than apparatus, although there is much useful information of an engineering and a procedural nature. Over half of the 27 technical papers are concerned with the general field of solid state physics, including the effects of pressure on reaction rates, optical and electrical properties of materials at high pressure, and equations of state for solids. The synthesis of high‐pressure phases and phase equilibria studies, chiefly in metal systems, are given much space. In addition, there are valuable papers on temperature and pressure calibration and reviews of several aspects of high‐pressure research. Extensive discussions by participants of the conference and lists of references are inclu

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR042i004p00436

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Air Ministry: Meterological Office, Handbook of Aviation Meteorology, H. M. Stationery Office, London, xvi + 404 pp., 1960, 25s.Ahrens, L. H., Frank Press, Kalervo Rankama, And S. K. Runcorn, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Pergamon Press, New York, 322 pp., 1961, $10.00.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR042i004p00441

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The U. S. Geological Survey has released for public inspection a report entitled ‘Preliminary Geology along the Lower Yukon River, Alaska’ by J. M. Hoare. Copies are available for consultation in Geological Survey libraries.An ionospheric sounding station has recently been established near Natal, Brazil, at a point just under the magnetic equator. It is located at Guarapes, approximately 13 miles southwest of Natal, and the available space and resources on the selected site allow for its growth into an experimental geophysical stat

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR042i004p00453

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thomas F. Malone, President; George P. Woollard, Vice President; A. Nelson Sayre, General Secretary; Waldo E. Smith, Executive Secretary; William C. Ackermann, K. Hilding Beij, Lloyd V. Berkner, Detlev W. Bronk, Perry Byerly, Horace R. Byers, C. T. Elvey, Edward B. Espenshade, Willis B. Foster, David T. Griggs, Harry H. Hess, Floyd W. Hough, J. Wallace Joyce, Joseph Kaplan, W. D. Lambert, John Lyman, Gordon A. Macdonald, Walter H. Munk, Morris Neiburger, Thomas B. Nolan, C. L. Pekeris, James A. Peoples, Jr., Donald Pritchard, F. W. Reichelderfer, L. B. Slichter, E. H. Vestine, Charles A. Whitten, H. G. Wilm, Hatten S. Yoder, Jr.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR042i004p00461

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Pacific Southwest Regional Meeting of the AGU will be held in Tucson, Arizona, January 31, February 1 and 2, 1962. The program for the first day will include a general session with invited speakers, a session on micrometeorology, social hour, and the evening banquet at which Gerald Kuiper will be the featured speaker.Sessions on thunderstorm electricity, and on groundwater hydrology, are scheduled for the second day; other sessions that day will be determined by contributed papers.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR042i004p00465

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The following material is based on a more‐detailed report by V. E. Suomi, of the University of Wisconsin. The parent report appeared in NASA Technical Note D‐608, Juno II Summary Project Report: Volume I, Explorer VII Satellite, July 1961. The next issue of the Bulletin will contain a report on more‐recent analyses of the Explorer VII radiation‐balan

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR042i004p00467

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY