摘要:

Over the past decade, significant observational, theoretical, and modeling efforts have been made to understand the coupled ocean‐atmosphere system, especially in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, most oceanographic research on the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has focused on the eastern and central Pacific because of the large interannual SST (sea‐surface temperature) anomalies and ecosystem disruptions in these regions. Less attention has been paid to the western Pacific even though the early stages of ENSO events may originate there. As a new component of the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) research program, the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) focuses on the physical processes that play important roles in the coupling between the ocean and atmosphere in the western Pacific warm

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/91EO00037

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

D. Allan Bromley, President Bush's science advisor, met with presidents and executive officers of two dozen physical science and mathematics societies on January 22 to discuss major issues affecting the scientific community and federal science policy. AGU President G. Brent Dalrymple presented one of four talks given at the meeting on the issue of support for small science.Bromley invited the society leaders to meet with his staff on the Office of Science and Technology Policy in an effort to tap the expertise of scientific societies in formulating science policy. AGU Executive Director Fred Spilhaus remarked that he was impressed by the openness of the meeting and the obvious value Bromley placed on the societies' input.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/91EO00038

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO073i004p00043

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three recent “flyby” spacecraft encounters of planetary magnetospheres have provided new glimpses of the broad spectrum of plasma behaviors that occur within such environments. Voyager 2's encounter with Neptune in August 1989 and Galileo's grav itational assist encounters with Venus in February 1990 and Earth in December 1990 have revealed significant new information and have highlighted the comparative aspect of magnetospheric study. By viewing multiple examples of naturally occurring, complex plasma systems [for example,Hill and Dessler, 1991], we can gain an understanding of the fundamental behavior of astrophysical plasmas.The magnetospheres of Venus, Neptune, and Earth span a very broad range of magnetospheric types. Venus does not have a significant internal magnetic field, and the comet‐like plasma regions surrounding Venus do not contain the Van Allen or radiation belt regions found at magnetized planets. Thus, it is of substantial interest that Galileo detected very energetic charged atoms (ions) outside of the Venusian bow shock (formed in the supersonic solar wind) and streaming away from Venus (D. J. Williams, personal communication, 1991). By eliminating a leaking radiation belt as a source of these particles, known to contribute if not dominate at other magnetospheres, this new result shows that planetary bow shocks are efficient accelerators of charged particles to high energies. The mechanisms of that acceleration remain highly controve

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/91EO00042

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY