摘要:

In this century, apart from Alaska, there has been only one great earthquake in the contiguous United States: the April 18, 1906, California earthquake caused 600 deaths and considerable damage in a number of towns and cities from shaking and subsequent conflagration of much of downtown San Francisco. Yet around the world, earthquakes continue as great killers and inflict heavy economic loss; on the average, about $7 billion a year (see Figure 1).In 1976, for example, people grew alarmed at the dreadful toll of life in earthquake catastrophes. As many as 700,000 people may have died. The Guatemala earthquake on February 4 killed 23,000; the Italian earthquake on May 6 in the Friuli region caused about 1000 deaths; near Tangshan, China, an earthquake on July 28 (local time) killed more than 600,000 people; in West Irian, Indonesia, on June 25, a magnitude 7.1 shock resulted in 6000 casualties; in the following August an earthquake and accompanying tsunami in the Philippines caused 2000 fatalities; and over 4000 persons died in Turkey in an earthquake on November 24. Most of the deaths were caused by the collapse of weak houses and buildings.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i011p00946

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

NASA's Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) experimental satellite should be making snow measurements easier this winter. Although snowfield areas have been monitored for a number of years by Landsat and other satellites, HCMM's improved temperature measurements will be a great help in calculating the time and rate of snowmelt.HCMM's unique day‐night measurement sequence permits readings of temperature ranges associated with solar heating during the day and with radiative cooling at night. Its heat capacity mapping radiometer uses two channels to acquire visible and nearinfrared images in the daytime and thermal infrared images in both day and night cycle

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i011p00963-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) offers 1‐year visiting fellowships to scientists with research interests in the areas of atmospheric science, solid earth science, atmospheric and terrestrial electromagnetic wave propagation, paleomagnetism, and rock magnetism. Recipients of these awards are completely free to pursue their own research programs. Selection is made on the basis of the likelihood of an active exchange of ideas between the visiting fellow and the scientists in CIRES and other local research groups. Stipend is scaled to research experience, and the program is open to scientists of all countrie

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i011p00964-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Disposing of radioactive wastes in the deep ocean continues to be a research interest. Proponents explain the relative safety of geologically stable and biologically inactive deep ocean sediments that have accumulated for millions of years and are in the process of becoming sedimentary rocks.This idea was enhanced by studies of sediment core recovered in October 1976 from an area nearly 1000 km north of Hawaii. Analysis showed that the lower portions of the 24‐m‐long core had been undisturbed for the last 70 million years. Earthquakes, volcanoes, ice ages, and tectonic plate movement did not affect the lower areas of sediment, which had a total thickness of at least 3

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i011p00965-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i011p00981

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY