摘要:

Mr. President: I am honored with a pleasant task in this brief ceremony. In seven successive years, the William Bowie Medal has been awarded by this Union, in recognition of distinguished attainment and outstanding contribution to the advancement of cooperative research in geophysics. The seven earlier awards have gone to scientists with broad interests; but each has fittingly represented one of the original sections of the Union. If a particular section is recognized in this year's award, it is, of course, the youngest of the eight, Tectonophysics. However, Volcanology might well claim this recipient—Oceanography also; the geodesists and seismologists know him as a co‐worker with strong interests in their fields; and members of the other sections recognize him as a student of the Earth in all of its many aspects. In short, as a broad‐gauged geologist, he is by the same token a broad‐gauged geoph

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i004p00457

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A general description of the shoran equipment is given, with a discussion of the various factors which influence accuracy of a direct distance measurement made by determination of the travel time of a radio signal. The line‐crossing method of observation is explained, and problems arising in the computation and adjustment of a shoran triangulation scheme are briefly enumerated. A table summarizes results obtained in recent accuracy tests simulating field conditions to be encountered in the execution of geodetic control by shora

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i004p00459

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The earthquake of April 1, 1946, was one of the very few Aleutian earthquakes whose instrumental epicenter may be checked against surface effects. Its magnitude was just under the lower limit of a major earthquake. Early seismographic data came from the United States, Alaska, and Hawaii. Some uncertainties were involved in the interpretations, which could not be appraised until the records were received, the difficulty being largely the result of heavy microseismic activity.Examination and correlation of available data were completed about the middle of May, 1946 and resulted in a reasonably dependable position near 53°.5 N, 163°W, with origin time of 12h29mGCT. The depth of focus was near normal. The epicenter is based on the normal depth tables of Gutenberg and Richte

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i004p00464

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to present certain technical details involved in a proper interpretation of dominant microseisms recorded in the Caribbean. Twelve figures are given that show microseisms produced by hurricanes, cold fronts, thunderstorms, fair weather, and artificial vibrations. These are classified and listed in Table 1 according to type, period, amplitude, form, and duration.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i004p00466

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Various derived wind functions are here defined; methods of derivation outlined; a complete wind record reduced, as a sample demonstration of the outlined methods; and various applications of the derived functions briefly mentioned.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i004p00474

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The general lack of data on the diurnal variation and secular change of the Earth's magnetic field at other than the locations of the few magnetic observatories in the world makes it necessary to have inexpensive recording stations that may be operated unattended for long periods of time.As partial fulfillment of this need the Coast and Geodetic Survey has proposed building a network of twenty stations in the United States. These stations are to operate for periods of three to six months without servicing, and are eventually expected to continuously record the three magnetic elements: declination, horizontal intensity, and vertical intensity.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i004p00485

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Records from some 20 tide stations in the eastern Pacific Ocean, covering a stretch from 57°N latitude to 33°S latitude, which show the onset of the seismic sea wave of April 1, 1946, are analyzed. Travel‐time curves, computed from the formula V = , are shown to be in good agreement with the observed times of arrival of the seismic sea wave. The average ratio of initial rise to succeeding fall of the water is found to be one to three, which may account for the frequent mention of an initial recession by eyewitnesses. The first half period is derived as a measure of the period of the seismic sea wave which is found to average 15.6 minutes. The period for the nearer stations averages 15.0 minutes, while for the farther stations it averages 17.4 minu

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i004p00490

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On a recent mission to Japan for the United States Navy, the author was afforded an opportunity to interview representatives of the oceanographic and marine biological laboratories of the home islands, Korea and Formosa, In all, 83 members of 41 oceanographic institutions and university departments concerned with various aspects of oceanography were interviewed.To facilitate comparison of the prewar and present status of the institutions, the following resumé has been prepared in the same form as that in the catalogue published by the National Academy of Sciences [Vaughan, 1937], The item on income, however, has in most instances been omitted, since future financial support cannot be predicted at this time

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i004p00501

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The cooperation of Japanese oceanographers with the Army and Navy was not really active before 1944. This was because both Army and Navy had their own scientific staffs and institutions whose equipment, facilities, and money by far exceeded those of universities and civil institutions. These military institutions exercised almost a monopoly on facilities before and during the War. If scientists other than those belonging to the Navy and Army wished to make researches, they encountered difficulty in finding apparatus, materials, and assistants. New graduates from the universities all entered the Army and Navy in recent years. They were indeed made to work in these institutions where there were, for the most part, no able scientific staffs and the efficiency of the researches was poor. Most professors in the universities were thus left without assistants and materials. For this reason, it was almost impossible for them to continue their research without having some association with military and naval institutions. The staffs of the latter, however, were not necessarily investigators of the first rank and had a tendency to prevent experienced scientific men from entering their institutions. Most had entered the Army and Navy from ten to twenty years ago, when few capable university graduates cared to join voluntarily. Some of the young scientific officers (graduates of recent years) had, of course, good qualifications because almost all were graduates of universities and colleges but the lack of capable senior staff members prevented them from utilizing their abilities freely.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i004p00517

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since 1929 oceanography has received more widespread attention in Japan than in any other nation, and virtually all has been financed directly or indirectly by the Government. The number of vessels (95) utilized by the Japanese Hydrographic Department alone for whole or part‐time surveys during this period probably exceeded those of all other nations combined.Open ocean investigations were carried on almost entirely by the Navy or under Navy control. Vessels pressed into the service of the Hydrographic Department included, in audition to 12 naval ships, seven survey vessels of other central government agencies, 30 prefectural station vessels, and 46 commercial craft. Of the latter, 22 were coastal fishing craft, 22 were killer ships of the whaling fleet, and two were merchant ship

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i004p00521

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY