摘要:

In taking the editorial pen for this page from William C. Ackermann, let me express to him the thanks of the Union for successfully handling AGU's affairs during the last two years. Having worked with him closely, I know that he served with great skill and devotion on both the national and international scene.It is not easy to succeed an excellent leader, but the other new officers and I will attempt to carry on the affairs of the Union in line with the well‐established tradition of conserving the good and progressing to the bette

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR049i003p00539

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occasion of my fifteenth anniversary of membership in AGU has caused me to reflect on the fun and folly of the past decade and a half. Scientifically, we have seen the shrinking Earth, the expanding Earth, the spreading Earth, and now what might be appropriately, if not poetically, called the translating Earth. Technologically we have profiled the ocean's bottom, scanned the Moon's behind, and sounded Antarctica's glacial underside. Organizationally the Union has grown from a membership of 5000 to 8800 with a publication increase from 1000 to 11,000 pages annually. Internationally we have experienced the triumphs and traumas of the IGY, the IQSY, the UMP, the IHD, etc.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR049i003p00541

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As the population of the United States is changing from a predominantly rural to an urban society, so the traditional role of the hydrogeologist is changing. Needs for his services are reflecting the requirements of comprehensive water resource management programs. This trend toward urbanization is also creating new, complex water problems and related land problems. Comprehensive water resource planning offers a means of solving these problems and improving the living environment. Its emphasis is on alternative management measures that can best be planned and evaluated by interdisciplinary study teams, teams that should include the hydrogeologist. The inadequate communication that now exists between the hydrogeologist and the planner can, be improved by a closer working relationship.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR049i003p00543

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Space science may be defined as the study of the behavior of matter on a cosmic scale. By this definition, it would include such diverse topics as astronomy, astrophysics, cosmical electrodynamics, aeronomy, planetology, cosmogeny, and exobiology. Space science is directed toward answering some of the most fundamental questions that man can ask—questions about the origin and history of stars, planetary systems, the universe, and even life itself. How do stars and planetary systems form? What is the basic development and structure of planetary atmospheres? What causes the aurora? How do plasmas behave on a cosmic scale? How do life forms develop on a new plane

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR049i003p00549

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Pan‐American Symposium on the Upper Mantle, held in Mexico City from March 18 to 21, 1968, was attended by 27 participants from countries south of Mexico, by 22 from countries north of Mexico, and by 3 from Europe. A significant number of registrants and other guests attended from the host country. Forty scientific papers were presented in a program formally subdivided into collections of offerings pertinent to the geophysics of North America, Mexico and Central America, South America, and problems of general geophysical interest.Because of the large number of papers presented, it is impossible to review all of them thoroughly. Only the highlights will be reviewed here. Much of the excitement at the Symposium was generated by information contributed to the geophysics of the Americas by recent results concerning global tectonics. These results are derived from direct observations of sea‐floor spreading and the relative motion (or drift) of large blocks of matter of the surface of the Earth relative to one another. This point of view was elaborated by McKenzie in describing the ‘paving block’ theory of the motion of parts of the surface of the Earth relative to one another. The theory of McKenzie and Parker indicates that a surface area is being created at oceanic ridges, is disappearing into the oceanic trenches, and is neither created nor destroyed along transform faults; earthquake motions along the ridges are tensile, under the trenches are mainly compressional, and along the transform faults are of the strike‐slip type. A global map of earthquake epicenters thus illuminates large plates or ‘paving block,’ each bounded by all three types of fault. The paving blocks move more or less as rigid bodies over the surface of the Earth. Where only two blocks are in contact, the relative displacements are in the same direction over their entire common boundary. The surface of the Earth can be described by at least six major blocks, all shifting about relative t

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR049i003p00555

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Third Symposium on Recent Crustal Movements, sponsored by the International Association of Geodesy of IUGG, was held in Leningrad, USSR, from May 22 to 29, 1968. Organizers were J. D. Boulanger and J. A. Mescherikov.The term ‘recent’ cannot be defined precisely. In broad terms, recent crustal movements may be thought of as movements that are continuing into the present. It has long been known that continents have been uplifted and lowered in the past. In recent years it has become possible to observe displacements, horizontal as well as vertical, through measurements with instrume

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR049i003p00556

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), a committee of the International Council of Scientific Unions, is charged with furthering international scientific activity in all branches of oceanic research. At present there are 37 members, 27 nominated by national academies or equivalent bodies and 10 nominated by unions within ICSU. Probably the best known of SCOR3s accomplishments since its founding in 1957 are the organization of the International Indian Ocean Expendition and the convening of the first International Oceanographic Congress. During recent years, SCOR has worked closely with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the Unesco program in oceanography through its advisory responsibilities to both bodies.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR049i003p00557

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions (CSK) is a cooperative international undertaking under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of Unesco and the Indo‐Pacific Fisheries Council of FAO. The CSK area extends from 160°E longitude to the mainland of Asia and from 4°S to 47°N latitude. The first field work was in the summer of 1965.The CSK is coordinated by an International Coordinating Group (ICG), consisting of the national coordinators and assistant national coordinators of the 11 member countries. K. Wadati (Saitama University) serves as International Coordinator, and J. Marr (U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Honolulu) serves as Assistant International Coordinator for Fisheries. The Secretariat is provided by the

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR049i003p00559

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This book is a well outlined, comprehensive, and advanced treatment of the material noted in the title. It is volume 29 of Unesco's Arid Zone Research Series. The reader will need a knowledge of differential equations and advanced calculus to follow most of the material. Vector analysis is used freely. The mathematical notation is concise; for example, the notationZsubscriptroften denotes the partial derivative ofZwith respect tor, and the reader is supposed to know this. Because of the conciseness of notation more material can be covered. Well prepared detailed figures such as the one on page 197 illustrating Boussinesq's equation are a great help in understanding the derivations. There are 13 chapters under the headings: Introduction, Porous Media, Soil Water, Hydrostatics in Soils, Hydrodynamics in Soils, Differential Equations of Saturated Flow, Methods of Solution, the Dupuit‐Boussinesq Approximation, Unsaturated Flow, Two Liquid Flows, Hydrodynamic Dispersion, Models and Analogs, and Hydraulics of Wells. There are as many as 43 subheadings in a chapter. Therefore treatment of the topics cannot be detailed. The authors do, however, give at least the gist of each topic so that the reader will know what to look for in the references. The book includes much of the world literature on the subject including many references from Russia, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Denmark, Israel, the United States, and Great Britain. There are 546 references. Because of the wide coverage, a number of subjects not found in treatises on hydrology and water seepage are included. For example, in chapter 5, the theory of the stream function is considere

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR049i003p00561

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Taking the Moon's temperature will be one of the purposes of the early manned lunar expeditions. Marcus G. Langseth heads a team of scientists at Columbia's Lamont Geological Observatory which has designed an experiment for NASA to measure temperatures below the Moon's surface. The objective is to measure heat flow and the rate of heat loss. An astronaut will drill identical holes, 3 feet apart, and will extract a continuous 10‐foot core of lunar material for return to Earth. In each hole he will implant an ultra‐sensitive probe consisting of eight platinum resistance thermometers and four heaters. Precise temperature‐difference measurements and absolute temperature measurements will be made continuously over a 1‐year period. The heaters, operated by remote control from Earth, will permit scientists to determine the heat‐conducting properties of surrounding lunar materials. The heat flow measurements are expected to be crucial in determining the origin and history of

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR049i003p00584

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY