摘要:

Interest in volcanism has been stimulated by recent eruptions at Mount St. Helens, Kilauea, Pinatubo, and in the Aleutians, and by intrusive activity in Long Valley, Calif. The improved scientific understanding of magma systems and volcanic processes that has developed from theoretical modeling and field and analytical studies of these and other volcanic centers has been complemented by recent results from experimental petrology. The experiments make it possible to determine the conditions (for example, pressure [P], temperature [T], oxidation state [fO2], and the volatile content [fH2O,fCO2]) of the pre‐eruption magma. This information provides an estimate of the magma storage region depth, the potential role of volatiles in the eruption process, and compositional zoning in the subvolcanic magm

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/93EO00142

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In one of his final acts as President Bush's science adviser, D. Allan Bromley released two reports authored by White House panels: “Renewing the Promise: Research‐Intensive Universities and the Nation,” and “In the National Interest: The Federal Government and Research‐Intensive Universities.”“I have had the opportunity to work on a wide range of issues as the Assistant to President Bush for Science and Technology, but none has been more important to me than those issues involving the health of this nation's research‐intensive univers

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/93EO00252

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The following is a list of the House Science Subcommittee members for the 103rd Congress. Asterisks indicate freshmen members.Committee on Science, Space and Technology: George E. Brown, Jr. (D‐Calif.), chairman; Robert S. Walker (R‐Pa.), Ranking Republican. Rayburn Office Bldg., Rm. 2321, Washington, DC 20515‐6301; tel. 202‐2

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO074i005p00051-03

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ask the average undergraduate if he or she has heard of the Van Allen Belt, the magnetosphere, or the solar wind and most likely you will get a blank stare. On the other hand, ask the same about black holes, pulsars, or the big bang theory. Chances are you will get a positive response; moreover, they'll have some idea of what at least one of these objects is and may be happy to start a conversation on the subject.Most students have heard of, or even seen, an aurora, but few have any idea of its source. This holds for most educated adults as well. At a beach party on the shore of Lake Superior last summer, I was besieged with questions about a bright aurora seen over the lake. I realized that there is no point in a traditional education where this aspect of nature is encountered.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/93EO00235

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) is a branch of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). WOVO was founded in 1981 as an independent association of observatories and other institutions that monitors active volcanos. Since WOVO represents volcano observatories worldwide, IAVCEI wished to develop a formal tie between itself and WOVO.The main objectives of WOVO are to create or improve ties between observatories and institutions directly involved in volcano monitoring, facilitate the exchange of views and experience by convening regular meetings, maintain an up‐to‐date inventory of instrumentation and manpower of the member institutions, and raise financial support from international organizations to help defray travel and related expenses of scientific teams sent to assist local scientists during a volcanic epis

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/93EO00236

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The highlands of Venus are large elevated regions over 1000 km across that display the most diverse and extensive volcanic and tectonic features on the planet's surface. The unprecedented details of surface tectonics and volcanism revealed by the Magellan mission have added significantly to our understanding of how these continent‐sized regions formed, and shed new light on the tectonic style and interior dynamics of Earth's sister planet. Comparisons between the two planets may help us to better understand how plate tectonics began and how the process operates on Earth.Venusian highlands fall into two distinct categories: volcanic rises and plateaushaped highlands. Volcanic rises were relatively well‐understood even before Magellan, although the new images and gravity data will illuminate more of the details of these features. The volcanic rises appear to be the result of large upwellings of hot, buoyant material from deep within Venus' mantle. The upwellings may take the form of mantle plumes, which on Earth are responsible for hotspot features such as the Hawaiian‐Emperor seamount chain and Ic

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/93EO00222

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ocean is a turbulent fluid that is driven by winds and by surface exchanges of heat and moisture. It is as important as the atmosphere in governing climate through heat distribution, but so little is known about the ocean that it remains a “final frontier” on the face of the Earth. Many ocean currents are truly global in extent, such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the “conveyor belt” that connects the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans by flows around the southern tips of Africa and South America. It has long been a dream of some oceanographers to supplement the very limited observational knowledge by reconstructing the currents of the world ocean from the first principles of physics on a computer. However, until very recently, the prospect of doing this was thwarted by the fact that fluctuating currents known as “mesoscale eddies” could not be explicitly included in the

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/93EO00215

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY