摘要:

The opening and evolution of the Arctic Ocean seafloor, and its morphology and dynamics, is an area of study that can be addressed by the use of satellite altimetry. Recent work indicates that satellite altimetric data can be successfully applied to the study of Arctic Ocean seafloor formation and in particular Arctic margin formation, evolution, and structure. A comparative study of such structures and their mechanism of formation is now underway at several institutes throughout the world. This investigation will develop satellite‐determined detailed gravity field models for high‐latitude and Arctic Ocean applications. The Earth Remote‐ Sensing Satellite (ERS‐1) study will also test and improve ocean tidal models in high‐latitude regions and in the Arctic Ocean. The investigation will address the question of the mechanism of tidal energy dissipation in the high‐latitude margins and the Arctic Ocean. Special concern will also be given to studying the

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01132

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Gulf Coast province provides an array of scientific dilemmas ranging from the origin of the gulf itself to the causes and effects of long‐lasting circulation of hot, deep waters throughout the thick sedimentary section. The nature of the underlying crust and superjacent sediments and their contained waters; the precise timing of rifting; depositional history and diagenesis of the sedimentary sequence; fluid dynamics; geochemistry; hydrocarbon generation and migration; thermal history, including unusually high thermal gradient; and the fluid pressure regime in the deep sedimentary section are too poorly understood to permit quantitative analysis of processes that are of enormous scientific and practical importance. The area centered on DeWitt and Victoria counties, Texas, on the southeastern extension of the San Marcos arch, is probably the best location for a deep borehole to investigate these important phenomena and problems. The arch extends southeastward from exposed Grenville‐age basement rocks of the Llano uplift and separates the deep South Texas and Houston embayment salt basins. Seaward of the Llano uplift, highly deformed and slightly metamorphosed rocks of the Ouachita‐Marathon orogen have been intersected beneath Cretaceous sediments. The inferred edge of continental crust underlies an extensive Lower Cretaceous reef trend southeast of known Ouachita orogen rocks. Rapid thickening of Tertiary and possibly of Cretaceous sediments southeast of the shelf edge, together with geophysical indications of a relatively shallow Moho, suggests that “transitional continental crust” underlies sediments basinward of the inferred edge of continental crust. This transitional crust, the ultimate objective for a proposed deep well, could be rifted Grenville basement, buried rocks of the Ouachita trend, an island arc related to the Ouachita trend, or exotic continental basement related to a proto‐South American continent. To achieve optimum results to guarantee adequate basement penetration, a borehole should be designed to penetrate a relatively thin succession of lower Mesozoic synrift, graben‐fill sediments seaward of the shelf edge. Because of expected high temperatures and pressures, new technologies will need to be developed to successfully drill and

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO069i039p00874-03

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Advances in high‐pressure science and technology have transformed solid Earth geophysics. In the last decade, high‐pressure researchers have reproduced the full range of Earth pressure and temperature conditions in the laboratory, and they have synthesized single crystals of dense silicate phases, unknown at the Earth's surface yet suspected to comprise most of the Earth's volume. These and other extraordinary accomplishments are chronicled in High‐Pressure Research in Mineral Physics, an outgrowth of the third U.S.‐Japan High‐Pressure seminar, held in Kahuku, Hawaii, January, 13–16, 1986. The well produced and reasonably priced volume is dedicated to Syun‐iti Akimoto, dean of Japanese high‐pressure research, who recently retired from the University of Tokyo. Akimoto's fascinating historical account of pressure research at the Institute for Solid State Physics at the University of Tokyo is the

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01136

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Paleoseismology is a new, rapidly evolving Earth science discipline that deals with the study of prehistoric earthquakes. It is a hybrid discipline that relies o n techniques and skills from many different Earth science specialities. Paleoseismology has provided new insight into the long‐term history of earthquakes on individual faults, thereby reducing our dependence on the short, often incomplete historical record to characterize fault behavior. By increasing our understanding of the behavior of seismogenic faults, paleoseismolgy has proven to be a valuable component of national and international earthquake hazard reduction program

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01138

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When this book was first published in 1976; it consisted, like Gaul, of three parts, one setting out the basic mathematical and physical concepts that are used in atmospheric dynamics, another constructing the necessary equations, and a third discussing the application of the equations to the atmosphere. In this new paperback edition the author has added a chapter on mathematical modeling of the atmosphere, and he has taken the opportunity to make some corrections and revisions.There have been many advances in meteorology in the decade since publication of the first edition, but this edition includes hardly any of them. This is essentially a book about theorectical rather than observational meteorology, so perhaps it is understandable that no account is given of recent satellite data for the stratosphere or for the southern hemisphere. However, to read the sections on the global energy budget, one might think that the Global Weather Experiment had never taken place. Only a few theoretical topics have been added, while others, such as cyclogenesis, have been left unaltered, with the result that what little attention they receive seems to be distinctly old‐fashioned. The new material at the end of the book includes a study of the possible flow regimes of the (global) atmosphere. This starts out in promising fashion and sets up some useful working approximations, but instead of going on to apply these in real situations, the discussion turns away to examine a set of canonical equations that owes as much to statistical mechanics as to meteorology. These additions are not made any easier to appreciate by the rather baffling decision to add an extra index for the new chapter. The reader may now have the pleasure of looking u p one subject in two indexes before discovering that it was never there in the first plac

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01137

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY