|
1. |
Magmatic heat and the El Niño cycle |
|
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 69,
Issue 45,
1988,
Page 1553-1565
Herbert R. Shaw,
James G. Moore,
Preview
|
PDF (2100KB)
|
|
摘要:
Large submarine lava flows with apparent volumes exceeding 10 km3have recently been imaged on the deep ocean floor in various parts of the Pacific by means of GLORIA and SeaMarc side‐looking sonar surveys. Such flows may produce thermal anomalies large enough to perturb the cyclic processes of the ocean and could be a factor in the genesis of El Niño phenomena. We find that known volume rates of mid‐ocean magma production could generate repetitive thermal anomalies as large as 10% of the average El Niño sea surface anomaly at intervals of about 5 years (the mean interval of El Niño events between 1935 and 1984). Likewise, estimated rates of eruption, cooling of lava on the seafloor, and transfer of heat to the near‐surface environment could reasonably produce a thermal anomaly comparable to that associated with El Niño. Larger magmatic events, associated with fluctuations in the total magmatic power and seismicity along the East Pacific Rise, are possible at longer intervals and may explain the extreme size of some El Niño events, such as that of
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/88EO01176
年代:1988
数据来源: WILEY
|
2. |
Grant for women to finish degrees |
|
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 69,
Issue 45,
1988,
Page 1556-1556
Anonymous,
Preview
|
PDF (163KB)
|
|
摘要:
The Association for Women Geoscientists Foundation has established the Chrysalis Scholarship, a $250 grant for women finishing a Masters or Ph.D. degree in an Earth science. Chrysalis is for candidates who have returned to school after an interruption of a year or longer and has no restrictions on use. “We see a winner getting her thesis typed or paying for child care—anything necessary to allow a degree candidate to finish her thesis and enter a geoscience profession,” said Vicki Cowart, AWG Foundation president. For information, write to Chrysalis Scholarship, AWG Foundation, c/o Resource Center for Associations, 10200 W. 44th Ave., #304, Wheat Ridge, CO 80033. January 31, 1989, is the deadline to apply for the Chrysalis awards that will be made Ma
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO069i045p01556-04
年代:1988
数据来源: WILEY
|
3. |
Modeling Groundwater Flow and Pollution |
|
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 69,
Issue 45,
1988,
Page 1557-1557
Leonard F. Konikow,
Preview
|
PDF (112KB)
|
|
摘要:
During the past several years, groundwater has become a subject of great concern to the public. Unfortunately, this attention is the result of many serious subsurface pollution problems. The need to manage or clean up these pollution aquifers has created a great demand for methods or tools to accurately predict groundwater flow and pollutant transport, and how they will change in response to imposed stresses. Bear and Verruijt (p. xi) state, “The necessary information about the response of the system is provided by a model that describes the behavior of the considered system in response to excitation
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/88EO01182
年代:1988
数据来源: WILEY
|
4. |
Hans P. Eugster Memorial Symposium |
|
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 69,
Issue 45,
1988,
Page 1566-1567
Dimitri A. Sverjensky,
Preview
|
PDF (1637KB)
|
|
摘要:
Six of the nation's most outstanding geochemists and petrologists convened May 6, 1988, to honor the late Hans P. Eugster at a symposium organized by the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. (see photo). Over 100 of Hans' collegues, students, and friends gathered to pay tribute both to a man they fondly remebered and to the lesson offered by his scientific career—that profound discoveries follow from the application of fundamental chemical principles to geological processes. The hour‐long presentations were a good mix of current research and reminiscences about the development of now time‐honored practices in goechemistry.Harold C. Helgeson (Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California at Berkeley) intrigued the symposium with his vision of future developments in theoretical organic geochemistry. He outlined how equations of state for inorganic aqueous electrolyte solutions may be extended to dissolved aqueous organic species. Already, these new developments enable a quantitative analysis of goechemical processes that invlove both inorganic and organic species in solution. Examples include the generation and maintenance of the oxidation states of oil‐field brines, the migration and accumulation of petroleum, and abiologic processes involving hydrothermal fluids in the origin of life. He suggested that redox reactions involving acetate may control hydrothermal transport and precipitation of petroleum in sedimentary basins. Oil accumulations, Helgeson speculated, could be regarded as just another kind of hydrothermal “ore
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/88EO01187
年代:1988
数据来源: WILEY
|
|