摘要:

The average layman cannnot help but be impressed by the number and completeness of the reports prepared under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences dealing with recommended research programs in space exploration, meteorology, oceanography, solid Earth geophysics, hydrology, etc. Although he may never have seen one of these reports, his attention is drawn to them by newspaper stories, press releases, TV coverage of congressional hearings on science, and figures released by the Bureau of the Budget showing the amount of money that is going into research and development in the various departments of the government. This average citizen, who is also a taxpayer, may feel some twinge of economic concern about what he considers rather handsome support for science. However, he rationalizes that such expenditures are necessary if the United States is to keep ahead of the Russians, or because he feels the United States must retain its world leadership in science as well as in number of telephones and flush toilets. He fails to realize, however, that very little of the national, budget is actually given to the support of basic research and that most of the money labeled ‘R” and ‘D” in the national budget is for applied, mission‐oriented research and is handled for the most part as ‘in‐house” programs of government laboratories either with their own staff or on a contract basi

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i004p00633

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On February 19, 1965, Professor Walter H. Bucher died in Houston, Texas. Since his retirement in 1956 as Newberry Professor Emeritus of Geology at Columbia University, he had served part of each year as scientific consultant to the Humble Oil and Refining Company, Houston, Texas, and had spent the remainder of the year at his home in Leonia, New Jersey, and at Columbia University, where he continued his research and writing. Pie was survived by his widow Hannah E. Bucher, their four children, John Eric Bucher, Mary Dorothy Plunkett, Margaret Oellers, Robert W. Bucher, and thirteen grandchildren.Bucher was one of the most widely known, highly admired, and best loved American geologists of his generation. Born in Dayton, Ohio, March 12, 1888, to the Reverend August J. and Maria Gebhart Bucher, he went with his parents to Frankfurt‐on‐the‐Main, Germany, where his father continued his career as a Methodist minister and taught at a professional school for ministers. Here young Walter received his early educ

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i004p00637

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article purposes to review briefly how a competent scientist can obtain information about the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space flight program and how he can submit a proposal to conduct a scientific investigation in space. The information is primarily directed toward those scientists who have never conducted space experiments and who do not know where to obtain information on the material that must be prepared to submit a proposal. Although the article is primarily for these new‐comers in space research, those scientists who are already involved in the program may find the article helpful in understanding the policies and procedures by which NASA selects scientific investigations for space flight programs.A prime objective of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is to expand human knowledge of space phenomena. In attempting to attain this objective NASA seeks the participation of the most competent scientists and tries to select investigations which will contribute the most to the advancement of scientific knowledge. The facilities on NASA spacecraft for scientific investigations are regarded as a national resource available to any competent scientist who proposes an experiment that can meet the stringent requirements for space flight and survive the competition for payload spac

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i004p00639

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies of the geophysical aspects of man's environment will be greatly enhanced by the newly created Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), a bureau of the Department of Commerce. This new bureau, the result of an intensive two‐year study, brings together the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Weather Bureau. These organizations have major responsibility in the fields of seismology, oceanography, meteorology, hydrology, geodesy, and geomagnetism. Aeronomy and solar physics will complete the organizational structure of ESSA when the Central Radio Propagation Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards is added. ESSA will be directed by Robert M. White, formerly chief of the Weather Bureau. The deputy administrator is H. Arnold Karo, former Director of the Coast and Geodetic Survey. The Weather Bureau is now headed by George P. Cressman and the Coast and Geodetic Survey by James C. Tison, J

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i004p00643

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The International Association for Quaternary Research (INQUA) is an organization devoted to interdisciplinary research on the Earth's natural environment and its history during the past million or so years (the Quaternary Epoch). Primarily by means of a series of international congresses, which INQUA endeavors to hold every four years, the organization seeks to bring together scientists from many nations and many fields of study to exchange viewpoints concerning the physical, chemical, and biological factors that control our present‐day natural environment, and concerning the history of changes in these environmental controls during the Quaternary.The Seventh International Congress of INQUA, which met chiefly in Boulder, Colorado, in late summer 1965, was in many respects a noteworthy event in the annals of paleoscience. Notwithstanding the fact that North America was the stage for many of the most spectacular events in the Quaternary, this was the first INQUA Congress ever to be held on our continent. With this in mind, an ambitious program of two‐week field trips was organized, offering hundreds of Congress participants a rare opportunity to examine at first hand the Quaternary record in all corners of the United States, in western Canada, and in Alaska. By no means did these field trips go unappreciated by our foreign visit

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i004p00645

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Only one paper of purely hydrologic content was presented during the five days of the meeting. However, two technical sessions were held in which 20 papers of paleoclimatic and paleohydrologic interest were presented, and several of these dealt with the hydrologic conditions required for the formation and maintenance of Pleistocene lakes in the southwestern United States.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i004p00649

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three symposia and a business meeting of the Upper Mantle Committee were organized in Ottawa as follows: September 2–3: Symposium on Drilling for Scientific PurposesSeptember 4–5: Symposium on World Rift SystemSeptember 6–8: Symposium on Continental Margins and Island ArcsSeptember 9–11: Business meeting of the Upper Mantle Committee (Bureau, Reporters, and Representatives of ICSU Unions and Committees)All these meetings were sponsored by the International Upper Mantle Committee; financial assistance was provided by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, International Union of Geological Sciences, and Unesco. The Department of Mines and Technical Surveys and the National Research Council of Canada were hosts to the meetings. C. H. Smith, of the Geological Survey of Canada, arranged the program for the Symposium on Drilling for Scientific Purposes and was responsible for local arrangements for all the UMC meetings. Bruce Heezen arranged the programs for the other two symposia in

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i004p00651

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Considerable efforts by hydrologists throughout the world during the past 5 years or more have culminated in the formal declaration by Unesco of the International Hydrological Decade, 1965–1974. Some 78 countries have appointed national committees for the Decade; 75 nations have submitted working documents outlining national programs for the IHD. More than a dozen international meetings either have been directed solely to the affairs of the IHD or have had major IHD implications. A large number of international scientific and technical unions and associations have endorsed the IHD, and many are making plans for active participation. The list of international intergovernmental agencies expressing interest is mountin

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i004p00657

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The construction of world magnetic charts entails the adoption for the chosen epoch of dip pole positions and of secular‐change patterns in their vicinity, thereby specifying implicitly the rates and directions of their motions. In the procedure leading to the forthcoming charts for epoch 1965.0, azimuthal components of the field vector are derived for both the northern and southern polar regions, and their isolines are used to establish field configurations to be incorporated with data for other areas in a final mapping based on spherical harmonic analysis. The paper describes details of the special polar techniques and reports the adopted positions and drifts of the dip poles. Currently, the north magnetic clip pole is moving in a northerly direction at a rate of approximately 12 kilometers per year, and the south magnetic dip pole is moving in a northwesterly direction at about 14 kilometers per yea

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i004p00661

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To quote the preface, “This book is a report of the Third International Conference on Atmospheric and Space Electricity, held in Montreux, Switzerland, during May 1963; it contains all the papers presented, as well as the extensive discussions.” The Second Conference on Atmospheric Electricity was held in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1958. The proceedings were published under the titleRecent Advances in Atmospheric Electricity. Mr. Coroniti's efforts on behalf of the Third Conference will certainly be appreciated by workers in this field.The conference was purposefully arranged so that only a small amount of time would be spent in the presentation of papers. This result was accomplished by inviting the approximately 33 major papers and having them circulated well in advance of the conference. Comments on the papers were given to authors, so that differing points of view could be explored intelligently at conference time. Many shorter contributions, including comments and criticisms of the major papers, are included in the book along with the major addresses by members of the conference commit

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i004p00665

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY