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Opportunity to observe a large‐scale hole in the ionosphere |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 60,
Issue 27,
1979,
Page 513-514
Michael Mendillo,
Jeffrey Baumgardner,
John A. Klobuchar,
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摘要:
Since the earliest days of the U.S. Space Program, concerns have been raised regarding the atmospheric perturbations that might be caused by the exhaust products of large rocket engines. In 1964 a comprehensive review of the subject was published by Kellogg [1964] in which the space science community was alerted to the many possible ways that rocket ‘pollutants’ could have environmental impacts. The final impression left by Kellogg's paper was that the terrestrial atmosphere was sufficiently dense to absorb any conceivable shock that an aerospace technology might reasonably be expected to build—even to the point of the giant Saturn V rockets envisioned for the Apollo Program.In the 15 years that have passed since Kellogg's assessment, very little evidence was found to suggest that rocket effluents were in fact perilous to our environment. A reappraisal of all published accounts of rocket‐induced modifications of the atmosphere since Sputnik 1 (M. Mendillo, unpublished manuscript, 1979) reveals that hardly a dozen accounts exist describing specific aeronomic perturbations associated with the many hundreds of rocket launches that have occurred since 1957. There are good reasons for this: (1) The vast majority of rockets launched in the last 2 decades were relatively small ones, and thus the exhaust emissions amounted to no more than very minor additions of essentially trace species. (2) Of the large rockets (Saturns, Atlas/Centaurs, SL‐4/Soyuz) the overwhelming majority of launches carried payloads into low earth orbit (h<200 km), where the typical exhaust products (H20, H2, CO2, N2, and O2,) were again relatively inconspicuous additions to ambient conditions. (3) Large‐rocket launches made by U.S. agencies generally occur at the Kennedy Space Flight Center, thereby insuring that rocket ascent trajectories occur over water—conditions hardly conducive to atmospheric monitoring via ground‐b
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO060i027p00513
年代:1979
数据来源: WILEY
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USGS involved in numerous international programs |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 60,
Issue 27,
1979,
Page 514-514
Anonymous,
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PDF (125KB)
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摘要:
USGS Involved in Numerous International Programs The U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, is now involved with about 100 countries in carrying out a wide variety of international earth science activities, according to H. William Menard, USGS director.In a recent address before an opening session of the Ninth International Congressof Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Geology in Washington, D.C. , Menard said that of the Survey's international activities, technical assistance provided by the Survey—mostly to developing nations—represents by far the largest share of money and scientific eff
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO060i027p00514-01
年代:1979
数据来源: WILEY
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Reclamation award |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 60,
Issue 27,
1979,
Page 515-515
Anonymous,
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PDF (85KB)
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摘要:
The University of North Dakota's Department of Aviation has been awarded a $1,035,228 contract by the Bureau of Reclamation to study downwind effects of high‐altitude cloud seeding and to train pilots for weather modification projects. The University will work closely with Reclamation's High Plains Cooperative Program (HIPLEX), the Federal research project in cloud seeding for enhanced growing‐season rainfall in the High Plains region. The 3½‐year contract will enable the flight students to receive specialized training as well as on‐the‐job experience on actual cloud‐seeding projects.‘HIPLEX scientists report indications of increased precipitation when specific types of clouds are seeded at their tops, at altitudes of 30,000 to 40,000 feet,’ Commissioner of Reclamation R. Keith Higginson said. ‘As these studies continue, the University will attempt to determine if there are effects in areas downwind f
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO060i027p00515-01
年代:1979
数据来源: WILEY
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