摘要:

The National Science Foundation is offering graduate research grants for study leading to masters and doctoral degrees in the mathematical, physical, biological, engineering, and social sciences, as well as in the history and philosophy of science. These grants also support work toward some research‐based degrees in science education. The grants can be held for 3 years and come with a $12,300 annual stipend. NSF will pay a $6000 cost‐of‐education allowance to the grant recipient's school in lieu of tuition fees. In some cases, $1000 international research travel allowance is also avai

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO069i042p00961-03

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Old Cycle 21 ended and new Cycle 22 began in September 1986. As measured by its sunspots, the new cycle of solar activity is rising more rapidly than any previous cycle in the records dating back to 1755 A.D. Progress of the new cycle—expected to last about 11 years—is of interest because terrestrial satellite missions and other technical systems are affected by various forms of solar activity; all forms of activity rise more or less in concert with the sunspots of the new cycle. In consequence, the solar output also varies. For example, the slowly varying background ultraviolet flux varies, affecting the density of the terrestrial thermosphere. In turn, satellite drag and radio propagation effects vary. Flares, energetic solar proton events, and geomagnetic storms occur in cycles that begin and end about the same time as the sunspot cycle but do not track it as well as t h e slowly varying radiation. The exceptionally rapid rise of the new cycle is the basis for prediction of a cycle of record amplitude with smoothed sunspot numbers ∼200 and smoothed 10.7‐cm solar radio flux ∼250, which would equal or exceed the largest cycles of the past. Cycle 19, the largest recorded, peaked in 1958 with a smoothed sunspot number of 201. Methods based on observation of antecedent phenomena in Cycle 21 predict that Cycle 22 will have a large maximum sunspot number well above average but not record equaling. At the present time, there is no consensus regarding which group of predictions is likely to be the more valid. Nonetheless, it appears increasingly likely that Cycle 22 will reach a peak sunspot number well above the average of all previous cycles. In another 6–12 months we expect to have a better idea of the maximum

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01152

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mahdi S. Hantushdied recently at the age of 66. He was a member of the Hydrology Section since 1949.P. O. Wolf, City University, London, England (member of AGU Hydrology since 1957), was elected President of the British Hydrological Society.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO069i042p00963-02

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A vitally important aspect of understanding the composition, structure, and processes acting within the solid Earth is obtaining a complete as possible knowledge of the fields of stability of the Earth's component minerals and their high‐pressure polymorphs with respect to pressure and temperature. Liu and Bassett's book is the first effort which has focused on bringing together the available phase diagrams for the elements, oxides, and silicates that are relevant to the understanding of Earth's and the other terrestrial planetary interiors. Since the book also covers the elements and compounds important to the shallow region of the mantles of the major planets (e.g., H2, He, C, and H2O), it is an invaluable source of data for scientists studying the interiors of these planets as well.An initial introductory chapter lays out, in very condensed form, the relation of phase diagrams to thermodynamic properties. Crystal chemical principles are summarized, as well as the main features of the techniques and apparatus employed to obtain the data summarized in the remainder of the book. Although references to apparatus papers are numerous and well chosen, references to works which relate thermodynamic properties to contruction of phase diagrams are lacking. Table 1.3, a summary of the ionic radii of elements in different coordinations appears to me to be the most valuable part of Chapter

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01157

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

About 1000 scientists from all over the world met in March in Bologna at the European Geophysical Society's 13th General Assembly. Among them were 57 students whose travel to the meeting was subsidized by a travel grant program run by EGS.The meeting sessions were divided among the three sections of EGS, Solid Earth and Planets, Hydrospheres and Atmospheres, and Upper Atmospheres, Ionospheres, Magnetospheres, and External Geophysics. Upcoming issues ofEoswill carry reports from the meeting, section by section. Below are reports from two joint sessions.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01158

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The third workshop session of the National Science Foundation's Coupling Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) initiative took place at the National Bureau of Standards and National Center for Atmospheric Research institutions in Boulder, Colo., June 6–10, and was attended by 155 participants, including about 40 graduate students.The CEDAR initiative represents the fruit of many years of efforts by the aeronomy community and NSF to modernize the techniques used to understand the many processes of the upper atmosphere both theoretically and experimentally. Since the beginning of this initiative (under the old name of Ground‐Based Optical Aeronomy) with a summer meeting in Logan, Utah, in 1983, there has been a workshop meeting every summer. The 1988 CEDAR meeting, in particular, reflected the growing maturity of the CEDAR initiative. The meeting was well attended, and, in general, we found fewer participants drawn to the meeting just by curiosity and more who came because they expected the workshop activities would be time well sp

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01153

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY