摘要:

The Hiran electronic distance‐measurement system is described, and the problem of denning rejection limits on observations is introduced. A number of samples of actual measurements is analyzed statistically by means of significance tests, and suggestions made for a new approach as to the rejection and acceptance of observation

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR037i006p00665

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The problems of gravity standardization are discussed from the standpoint of absolute determinations, relative measurements of gravity on a world wide scale for calibration and reference purposes and internal national networks. Work is in progress to improve present standards; in particular, the pendulum program that has been carried out under the auspices of the Air Force Cambridge Research Center and which is being extended as part of the International Geophysical Year program is discussed. The extent of the world program of gravimeter measurements for evaluating present standards, which has been carried out under the auspices of the Office of Naval Research, and a program for the development of an internal network of gravity bases at the principal airports in the United States for use in coordinating and integrating gravity data taken by various groups in this country are presented.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR037i006p00669

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To study the ionization produced in various gases by cosmic radiation, four geometrically similar brass chambers differing greatly in size were used with the Gish‐Sherman ionization apparatus. Each of the chambers filled with the gas being studied was placed in an iron house with walls ten cm thick. The residual ionization was determined by using the method of Hess. By plotting the ionization in the several chambers as ordinate and the ratio of wall area to volume as abscissa, and extrapolating for infinite volume, the amount of cosmic radiation without any secondary radiation from the walls was obtaine

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR037i006p00676

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Use of special recording raingages enabled recording of one‐minute rainfall amounts from a 50‐gage network on a 100‐sq mi area in central Illinois during the 1952–53 thunderstorm seasons. One‐minute amounts from 19 storms during this period have been used to study the frequency of rainfall rates in shower‐type storms under warm season conditions, on both a point‐rainfall and areal‐mean‐rainfall basis. Within the 100‐sq mi area, smaller areas of 10, 25, and 50 sq mi were used to obtain an indication of the effect of changing area on the distribution of areal mean rates. The expected tendency for the mean rate to decrease with increasing area was found. For example, the median rate for all 19 storms combined ranged from 1.45 inches per hour for point rainfall to 0.96 inch per hour for the 25‐sq mi area to 0.66 inch per hour for the 100‐sq mi basin.The degree to which averaging suppresses details of high rates, as well as the general effects of the averaging process on the distribution curve, was also studied by comparing the distribution of point rates when the rates were based on 1‐, 5‐, 10‐, 15‐ and 30‐minute averages. Results showed the maximum observed rate ranging from 13.80 inches per hour for one‐minute to 2.45 inches per hour when based on a 30‐minute average. Similarly, when all 19 storms were combined, the median rate ranged from 1.45 inches per hour for one‐minute averages to 0.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR037i006p00679

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two new sea‐water samplers have been developed to collect water in larger volumes (one and 12 gal) than the conventional Nansen bottle. Both are constructed of plastic which is relatively inert chemically, are free‐flushing, and can be either messenger‐ or bottomact

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR037i006p00682

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five thousand simultaneous wind and current observations at Amrum Bank Lightship are analyzed to contribute toward the solution of the controversial question of the existence of a critical wind speed for air‐sea boundary processes. The observations are grouped according to eight wind forces (Beaufort scale) and subjected to harmonic analysis. The residual current is further analyzed to yield a current that can be considered as exclusively wind‐driven. Upon plotting these current velocitiesWagainst wind velocitiesVin cm/sec, the graph shows a definite discontinuity between the wind velocity Groups 1 to 4 and 5 to 8. There is a marked reduction in current speed between wind forces 4 and 5 and a lower ratio of increase ofWagainstVfor higher wind velocit

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR037i006p00685

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Analysis of continuous current measurements aboard four light vessels in the southern North Sea suggests that while the expression connecting wind and surface water movements is linear up to winds of about Beaufort 3, above this strength it appears to obey a different linear relationship or to become curved.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR037i006p00691

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is useful in checking littoral drift movements, either by wave hindcasting or by site surveying, to correlate the period of measurement with the preceding and succeeding years. In this manner the net drift for the period can be compared to the average over a number of years, or its value can be viewed within the general long‐term trend. Cyclonicity charts which indicate the position and duration of cyclonic centers, can be used to obtain the direction of ocean waves generated towards a given point on the coast. By summing the hours of cyclonicity in areas causing drift up or down a coast, the net effect can be computed for any length of tim

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR037i006p00694

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Uranium analyses of sea‐water samples taken from different locations were carried out by the isotope‐dilution method. Uranium was separated by liquid‐liquid extraction from 2000 ml of sea water, for each determination. The small residue of uranium resulting from the chemical separation was analyzed by mounting it on a tantalum filament and examining the U02+thermal ions in a Nier six‐inch radius, 60° sector‐type mass spectrometer. The results show a concentration of 3.1 to 3.5 micrograms of uranium per kilogram of sea water, with a uranium/sahnity ratio of 9.0 to 9.8 X

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR037i006p00697

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Graphical methods are outlined for determining the coefficients of transmissibility storage, and leakage of an effectively infinite leaky artesian aquifer. The procedure is based on the theory, developed by Hantush and Jacob, of the nonsteady flow toward a steadily discharging well from an infinite leaky aquifer. Applications of these methods are illustrated by treating data from the Roswell artesian basin in New Mexico.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR037i006p00702

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY