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Pyroclastic flows of the 1883 Krakatau eruption |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 72,
Issue 36,
1991,
Page 377-381
Haraldur Sigurdsson,
Steven Carey,
Charles Mandeville,
Sutikno Bronto,
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摘要:
The nature of the submarine deposits produced by the 1883 Krakatau eruption in Indonesia has remained controversial for more than a century. Knowledge of their character, however, is critical to understanding the origin of the devastating tsunamis generated during the event, which claimed about 36,000 lives. Results of a 1990 marine geological investigation reported here demonstrate that the deposits are largely of pyroclastic flow origin. Pyroclastic flows are partially fluidized mixtures of particles and gases that travel up to 150 m/s and have internal temperatures as high as 600°C. They are denser than the atmosphere but are likely to be comparable to seawater in density. What happens when such a flow encounters the sea along the coast of an active volcano has been the subject of much speculation [Cas and Wright, 1987] but little research [Sparks et al.,1980a, 1980b]. One well‐known effect is the generation of tsunamis [Kienle et al.,1987] and indeed, 20% of all volcanogenic tsunamis have been attributed to the entrance of pyroclastic flows into the sea [Latter, 1981]. The most devastating of these occurred during the 1883 eruption of Krakatau volca
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/90EO00286
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Earthquake funding restored |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 72,
Issue 36,
1991,
Page 378-378
Susan Bush,
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摘要:
Funding levels for the U.S. Geological Survey's part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program for FY92 have been restored by the House and a Senate subcommittee. The president's budget request for FY92 was only $37.3 million, lower than the $54.5 million authorized by Congress for FY91. Earlier this year the House agreed on restoring $10 million to the program. Some AGU members have been trying to see the full $17.2 million difference restored. It is reported that the Senate will agree to give $15 million to the program.When Congress reconvenes in September the full Senate will vote on the Department of Interior and Related Agencies appropriations bill (HR2686). After that, the bill will go to a joint conference committee, where differences between the House and Senate will be resolved before the bill is passed along to the president.
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO072i036p00378
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
CO2 in glacial ice gives clues to historical atmosphere |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 72,
Issue 36,
1991,
Page 379-379
Anonymous,
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摘要:
Historical concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) are reported from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP 2) in the AugustGeophysical Research Letters. These results reveal interesting data about atmospheric CO2concentration before the industrial era. M. Wahlen, D. Allen, and B. Deck of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and A. Herchenroder of the New York State Department of Health report their results from studying CO2concentrations in the air bubbles trapped in various ice layers from the GISP 2 ice core. These data represent samples of the Earth's atmosphere from the years 1530 to 1940, including part of the “Little Ice Age” (Neoglacial), a term used for 16th and 18th century cold pha
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO072i036p00379-01
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Candidates for Office, 1992–1994: Union Candidates: President‐elect |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 72,
Issue 36,
1991,
Page 382-388
Anonymous,
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摘要:
AGU member since 1960. Senior Research Scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Principal scientific interest is space plasma physics. B.A. 1954, Cornell Univ.; M.S. 1956, Univ. of Illinois. Employed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory since 1956. Visiting appointments at Cambridge Univ. 1975, Caltech 1986–1987, and Univ. of California, Los Angeles 1990–1991. Investigator on nine space experiments to study the solar wind or comets. Project Scientist for the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby mission. Past member of numerous NASA committees. Currently member of the National Research Council's Space Studies Board and Chair of its Committee on Solar and Space Physics. Over 100 refereed publications, most in AGU journals. One patent. Honors include NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Award 1970 and Fellow of AGU 1989. AGU service as Secretary and President of Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section, Associate Editor of J. Geophys. Res. (Space) and Editor‐in‐Chief of Rev. Geophys.
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/90EO10289
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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