摘要:

The American Geophysical Union as a major scientific society, as well as the official body of the National Academy of Sciences representing the United States in the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, has a responsibility not only to its members but to the nation. In the past the discharge of this responsibility has been oriented primarily toward the advance of the geophysical sciences and the dissemination of science information. Through its special committees for the geophysical and geological study of the continents and ocean basins, the AGU was instrumental from 1935 to 1942 in launching many significant programs that have contributed to a better understanding not only of the geology and underlying crust beneath the continents and ocean basins but also of the climatology of the past, tectonic relations, the Earth's gravity field, magnetic relations, and other aspects of the Earth. The AGU has met the changing requirements of the geophysical scientific community by expanding its organizational format, through the addition of new sections, such as Tectonophysics and Planetary Sciences, and also through reorganization and expansion of its publications. Whereas in 1937 there was a single annual edition of theTransactions, the Union now publishes theTransactionsas a quarterly house organ; theJournal of Geophysical Research, which appears monthly in two sections divided on the basis of space‐oriented and Earth‐oriented investigations;Reviews of Geophysics, which appears quarterly; the new quarterlyWater Resources Research; a monograph and an antarctic series; and regular translations of the following Russian geophysical publications:Izvestiya, Geodesy and Aerophotography, Soviet Oceanography, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, Soviet Hydrology, andSoviet Antarctic Expedit

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i002p00357

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hugo Benioff is a Californian by birth, education, and career. He was born in Los Angeles in 1899. He was educated at Pomona College (B.A., 1921) and the California Institute of Technology (Ph.D., 1935). The forty‐one years of his scientific career were spent in California. He began as an Assistant at the Lick Observatory in 1923 and then served as Assistant Physicist with the Carnegie Institution in Pasadena in the years 1924 through 1937. In 1937 he transferred to the academic staff of the California Institute of Technology, serving as Professor of Seismology until his retirement in 1964. Apocryphal as it may sound, it is nevertheless true that Hugo Benioff transferred from astronomy at Mount Wilson to seismology at the Carnegie‐Caltech Seismological Laboratory because of his inability to work nights and to sleep during the

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i002p00361

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Norman F. Ness, with his experiments aboard Explorers 18 and 21, has increased our knowledge and fundamental understanding of the geomagnetic field, the interplanetary magnetic field, and the interaction of the solar wind with the Earth and the Moon.Dr. Ness graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received a bachelor of science degree in 1955 and a doctorate in geophysics in 1959. He was a Research Geophysicist from 1959 to 1960 and then an Assistant Professor of Geophysics at the University of California, Los Angeles, from 1960 to 1961. He first joined NASA in September 1960 as a National Academy of Sciences—NASA Postdoctoral Resident Research Associate in the Theoretical Division at the Goddard Space Flight Center. In 1961 he transferred from the Theoretical to the Space Sciences Division, where he joined an experimental program in geomagnetic research in the Fields and Particles Branch. He is presently in charge of interplanetary research at Goddard Space Flight Cente

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i002p00365

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gordon MacDonald was born in Mexico in 1929. He received his doctorate at Harvard University in 1954, submitting a dissertation entitled ‘A Critical Survey of Thermochemical Data of Minerals.’ In 1955 he became an American citizen. He was associated with the faculty at MIT immediately after leaving Harvard, and subsequently he joined UCLA where he is Professor of Geophysics and Associate Director of the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Phys

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i002p00369

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is a pleasure to welcome you to this meeting in Washington. My only regret is that your number has now grown so large that you cannot hold your plenary sessions in the Great Hall of the Academy. I trust, however, that the day is not far off when we shall have an auditorium sufficiently large to accommodate you. In the meantime we are glad to express our continuing gratitude to the State Department for permitting us to use its facilities.I might point out in passing that this is something of an anniversary for you; it is your 45th birthday. Although the AGU was first organized in 1919 to serve as the American committee for what is now the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, the AGU did not have its first meeting until April 23, 1920. In this connection, it is interesting to note that the AGU was first created within the framework of the Physical Sciences Division of the National Research Council, which was established just a few years earlier during World War I. Your organization proved to be too virile for any one division of the Research Council to hold, however, and soon displayed that level of autonomy and diversity which has contributed so much to its value and its strength.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i002p00371

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the technical sessions of this year's annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union, much of what is precise and beautiful in science will be discussed. Tonight, however, the subject is certainly neither precise nor beautiful. Rather it is my intention to treat certain nonscientific problems arising from the very special character of what have come to be called the physical environmental sciences. The environmental sciences are those areas of inquiry whose special concern is man's surroundings. One would certainly include as environmental sciences large parts of such subjects as oceanography, meteorology, hydrology, and seismology, since these subjects are concerned with that part of man's environment which is of great import to society.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i002p00373

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was very good of you to invite me to talk to you tonight, and it is a great pleasure to be with you. It isn't quite clear to me just what you would like to hear, but I suppose the customary thing at a meeting like this is to pat you on the back, talk about the importance of geophysics, the importance of meteorology, and so forth, and to tell you how important it is that the country pursue them vigorously. The only trouble is that all of you are already convinced of these assertions, and the people who need convincing, for example those who need to vote the necessary funds, are not here. Meteorology is in a slightly different situation than the rest of geophysics. The weather is a fact of life to almost everyone; everyone talks about the weather and everyone is convinced that we need to do something about it. The trouble is that scarcely anyone but a meteorologist is convinced that meteorology is a science, and, despite the enormous strides that have been made in atmospheric sciences and weather forecasting, most people entertain a justifiable skepticism about the validity of tomorrow morning's forecast.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i002p00377

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Transcontinental Geophysical Survey (TGS) was proposed in 1962 as one of the main elements of the U. S. program for the Upper Mantle Project. The TGS is a band 4° (about 275 miles) in width, centered in latitude 37°N, extending from coast to coast and into the Atlantic and Pacific ocean basins. Studies in this band include the whole range of geophysical and geological subdisciplines. The efforts to achieve complete geological, gravity, magnetic, and seismic coverage (as well as selected special observations, such as heat‐flow measurements) are concentrated in the ‘inner band’ (35°‐39°); special studies in the ‘outer bands’ (33°–35° and 39°–41°) will be related to the over‐all program of the TGS (see Figure 1). A general description of planning and programs for the TGS is given byHart[1964] and inIG Bulletin 87[1964]. In May 1964, the International Upper Mantle Committee adopted five programs of interdisciplinary studies for emphasis during the Upper Mantle Project, including “combined geophysical‐geochemical‐geological surveys … seismic, gravity, geomagnetic, geothermal, geological, and geoehemical (especially the distribution of radioactive elements)

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i002p00383

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Doppler observations were made on the Anna IB satellite 1962 βμ1 over a 10‐month period by twelve permanent tracking stations and during about 6‐week time spans during this period by mobile tracking stations at ten sites. The methods of converting the original observations to frequency data, of calibrating the data, of filtering out bad observations, and of statistically aggregating the observations are described. The form in which the data are currently available and the procedure by which the data may be obtained are also

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i002p00385

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The National Severe Storms Laboratory was established by the U. S. Weather Bureau at Norman, Oklahoma, in January 1964. In cooperation with other government groups and with units of commerce and education, the Laboratory seeks to increase understanding of severe storms, to improve methods for detecting them and for measuring associated meteorological parameters, and to promote the development and applications of weather radar.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR046i002p00389

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY