|
1. |
1979 AGU Fellows Citations |
|
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 60,
Issue 41,
1979,
Page 693-693
Anonymous,
Preview
|
PDF (2830KB)
|
|
摘要:
William A. Bassettfor his pioneering work in developing high‐pressure, high‐temperature apparatus and applying these to geophysicatly important problems of the earth's interior. His outstanding achievements are the first measurements of the compressibility of a host of mantle minerals to 300 kbar, development of high‐pressure laser heating techniques which allow mineral synthesis at 300 kbar and 3000°C, and the development of methods of measuring elastic moduli of minerals at high pre
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO060i041p00693
年代:1979
数据来源: WILEY
|
2. |
Andrija Mohorovic: Seventy years ago an earthquake shook Zagreb: His analysis resulted in a fundamental discovery |
|
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 60,
Issue 41,
1979,
Page 699-701
W. E. Bonini,
R. R. Bonini,
Preview
|
PDF (3710KB)
|
|
摘要:
On October 8, 1909, at 9 hours 59 minutes Greenwich time, Zagreb was shaken by a strong earthquake which knocked down chimneys but did little other damage.Thus it was that Andrija Mohorovicic, director of the Zagreb Meteorological Observatory and professor at the university, began his report in 1910. He drew on this earthquake and others to document his findings that there is a seismic velocity increase with depth at approximately 50 km in the earth. He recognized that the P waves occurred in two phases and were followed by S‐waves which apparently followed corresponding travel paths. Later when this was confirmed by others, the boundary between the crustal layer and the mantle below was referred to as the Discontinuity of Mohorovicic. No doubt one reason that today the discontinuity is most frequently known as the Moho, or simply as the M‐discontinuity, is that many find his name difficult to pronounce (try; moe‐hoar‐oh‐VE
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO060i041p00699
年代:1979
数据来源: WILEY
|
3. |
Trend toward multiple authors in research publications: Mutual funding of scientists |
|
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 60,
Issue 41,
1979,
Page 700-701
A. C. Fraser‐Smith,
Preview
|
PDF (206KB)
|
|
摘要:
In a recent editorial, Leopold [1979] drew attention to the large amount of time now being spent by the U.S. research community on the preparation and review of research proposals submitted to the principal federal granting agencies. More to the point of this letter, he quoted a ‘fanciful story’ by Szilard [1961]in which it was suggested that if some person or some group should ever want to bring research progress to a standstill, they could do so by establishing a competitive grants system under which all researchers would be required to prepare written proposals describing what they wished to work on. Leopold ended by suggesting that ‘perhaps it is now appropriate to ask whether Szilard's fanciful story is turning into a serious matter.’If there is any substance to Szilard's story and Leopold's concern, there should be evidence now available for a slowing down in the progress of U.S. science, since federal grants for research started to become a substantial factor in university budgets in the late fifties [Abelson, 1975]. Unfortunately, lacking a means of quantifying progress in science, it is difficult to argue objectively either for or against this slowing down. However, as I will now show, there has been a marked change in the way science is reported since the
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO060i041p00700
年代:1979
数据来源: WILEY
|
4. |
Substorm warnings: An ISEE‐3 real time data system |
|
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 60,
Issue 41,
1979,
Page 701-703
Bruce Tsurutani,
Daniel Baker,
Preview
|
PDF (438KB)
|
|
摘要:
It will be of considerable benefit to the scientific community to be able to predict the onsets of magnetospheric substorms and geomagnetic storms. For example, rocket and balloon launches can be keyed to these advance warnings, and satellite experiment mode changes, spacecraft pointing changes, etc., can be implemented to optimize the scientific payoff. Furthermore, warning of ionospheric disturbances that affect high‐frequency communications or various radar systems will be available when such a prediction program is implemented. There are also commercial benefits to substorm or storm predictive abilities; these could include, for example, the adjustment of the exploratory activities of oil companies that use magnetometer techniques and satellite communication systems, both of which are adversely affected by geomagnetic storms and substorm
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO060i041p00701
年代:1979
数据来源: WILEY
|
5. |
Low‐grade thermal energy conversion engine |
|
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 60,
Issue 41,
1979,
Page 703-703
Anonymous,
Preview
|
PDF (258KB)
|
|
摘要:
Abundant, undeveloped, and essentially ‘free’ thermal energy exists in the form of low‐temperature water from sources such as geothermal hot water, oceanic and fresh water thermal gradients, and industrial waste heat. Recovery of useful mechanical and electrical energy from these vast and inexpensive resources has been hampered by lack of effective and economical thermal energy conversion systems (heat engines). A research team at McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company (MDAC) is developing low‐temperature heat engines which use Joule effect solid state materials as the working media. These materials, when heated, contract with substantially greater force than is required to stretch them at lower temperatures, and the force difference is translated into work. Heat engines built by using one of these materials, Nitinol—a nickel titanium alloy—have operated successfully at temperature differences as
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO060i041p00703-01
年代:1979
数据来源: WILEY
|
6. |
Quads, geopressures, and U.S. geothermal resources |
|
Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 60,
Issue 41,
1979,
Page 704-704
Anonymous,
Preview
|
PDF (1408KB)
|
|
摘要:
Of the many areas of energy research being done by the geophysical community, perhaps none is so fundamental, so intellectually attractive and otherwise popular, and perhaps so distant from realization than the work to develop geothermal resources in the United States. Total geothermal funding by the Department of Energy (DOE) for geothermal resource research and evaluation to industry, the National Laboratories, and the academic community is approximately $160 million for fiscal year 1979. This funding will probably continue, although at a somewhat different rate, for the indefinite future.
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO060i041p00704-01
年代:1979
数据来源: WILEY
|
|