摘要:

In the early summer of 1610, the first vessel sailed into Hudson Bay in search of a northern sea route from England to Cathay. In the following spring, Henry Hudson, the ship's Intrepid master, beset by a mutinous half‐starved crew, was cast adrift in a small open boat to perish from cold or starvation. Although the tragic details of his untimely death were never made known, Hudson's dauntless spirit lived on to inspire the many explorers who followed in his wak

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i006p00769

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Registration of seismic waves from atomic bombs provides a direct check on accepted travel‐time curves. The Baker Day test at Bikini on July 24, 1946, U.T., was recorded at eight stations by short‐period Benioff vertical‐component seismometers. Only longitudinal waves (P) appear; no transverse waves or surface waves have been found. Figure 1 shows the seismogram at Mount Wilson; the others are si

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i006p00776

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review is given of the theories on microseisms as to their origins, causes, and characteristics, and the results obtained by the investigations of various seismologists. The demand for more experimental data is emphasized, together with many suggestions for obtaining a better understanding of microseisms.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i006p00777

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A relay‐type contactor designed to make a contact closure corresponding to each single closure of the contacts of a standard eight‐point wind vane; and a discrete contact closure independent of the previous series, corresponding to each “bridged” condition, when two adjacent contacts are closed simultaneously, is here outlined, with maintenance and operation

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i006p00781

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Upper‐air analysis may be regarded as the examination of the manner in which certain surfaces in the free atmosphere stand to each other instantaneously and sequentially. It is the graphic portrayal of the relationships among the isobaric, isosteric, isothermal, isentropic surfaces, and the surface of constant geopotential. These surfaces describe geometrically certain physical quantities. Analytical relations among these physical quantities provide the means for obtaining two main objectives of upper‐air analysis namely, a kinematical and dynamical comprehension of (1) the horizontal atmospheric circulation and (2) the vertical atmospheric stability. Inasmuch as the atmospheric stability determines the conditions under which the air can achieve vertical displacement, the two objectives together concern the general motion of the air. The condition for the attainment of these objectives is careful choice of those surfaces, or layers between such surfaces, which satisfy economy and succinctness in the analytical relati

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i006p00784

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Significant features of the surface and upper‐air temperature and wind circulation, cloudiness, and weather over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean during the northern summer season are revealed by atmospheric cross‐sections based on observations made on reconnaissance flights of the AAF Tropical Weather Unit in all directions from Seymour Island in the Galapagos Archipelago on August 14 to 18, 1945.Observations of winds aloft show a shallow southerly wind flow in the lower layers, while aloft the wind flow is easterly. Temperature soundings show a low inversion that is caused by cooling of the surface air by upwelling cold water and subsidence in the South Pacific anticyclone.Stratiform clouds which form below the inversion cover a huge area from the west coast of South America to beyond 96°W longitude, the westernmost limit of the observations. Areal distribution of the stratiform clouds and associated phenomena over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean is shown by analyzed charts containing a dense network of observations from over the Ocean made by patrol aircraft during 1942 and

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i006p00800

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present paper concerns the description of geomagnetic secular change during the past four decades, and its preliminary interpretation in relation to the origin of the Earth's main field and its secular change. The work is based mainly on extensive magnetic surveys over land and sea over the past 40 years, carried out by or in cooperation with the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, with final reductions financed by the United States Navy.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i006p00814

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Prior to the War there existed a wide gap between the theoretical knowledge of surface waves and the empirical knowledge of sea and swell, sea being defined as waves raised by the direct action of the wind, swell as waves that have emerged from a storm area and travel through regions of calm or weak winds. A few theoretical conclusions have been verified by experience. Thus, it had been established that the wind waves have, in general, the character of deep water waves for which speed, period, or length are interrelated.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i006p00823

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relations are given which govern the transformation of waves in shallow water and upon which practical methods for forecasting breakers and surf have been based. For each relation the theoretical background is stated, together with a brief summary of empirical evidence. The discussion includes examples of the application of some of the relations.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i006p00828

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In conjunction with the measurement of total soil and water losses from different soil treatments and slope lengths, data were also collected on rate of runoff from four plot areas. These included three 70‐foot slope lengths consisting of untreated, annual cover crop, and annual manure treatments, and one 210‐foot slope on an untreated area. Tabular data are presented for five representative storms showing maximum rates of precipitation and runoff, and the total periods of time during which rain fell and runoff occurred at rates exceeding 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 in/hr.The data indicate that: (1) The rate of runoff from any particular condition varies with rainfall intensity and with season. (2) Increased slope length under conditions of this study had no consistent effect on rate of runoff. (3) Soil organic matter additions either from cover crop or manure were effective in reducing runoff rate during the growing season. (4) The relative effectiveness of organic matter treatments decreased as rainfall intensity increased. (5) Winter cover crops, under certain conditions, may greatly increase runoff rate from winter storms. (6) Soil‐moisture content at the beginning of the storm has much less influence of rate and amount of runoff from this sandy soil than is the case on many other soil

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR027i006p00837

年代:1946

数据来源: WILEY