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1. |
Circulation variability in the Gulf of Alaska |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 72,
Issue 24,
1991,
Page 257-264
W. J. Ingraham,
J. D. Schumacher,
S. A. Macklin,
R. K. Reed,
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摘要:
We have recently found a connection between the effects of large‐scale atmospheric forcing over the Gulf of Alaska and deep‐water properties (temperature and salinity) below the southern sill depth (∼200 m) in Shelikof Strait, through studies under the Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (FOCI) program. Startedin 1984, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, most FOCI research has been conducted in Shelikof Strait, Alaska (Figure 1), a large estuarine‐like system located between Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula, where vast numbers of walleye pollock spawn each spring.Although we had been aware that marked variability in the deep waters of the strait existed, a mechanism for inducing the changes was not apparent. It now seems clear that the interannual variability of upperocean circulation is large enough to bring about the water property anomalies. Figure 1 contrasts the mixed layer flows or trajectories during winter‐spring of a typical year (1986) and an unusual year (1985), when southwestward outflow from the upper gulf was quite weak. These flow variations appear to result in changes in the source waters that flow over the sill to the strait, thereby causing the observed variability in p
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO072i024p00257-01
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
International Decade of East African Lakes |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 72,
Issue 24,
1991,
Page 258-259
Thomas C. Johnson,
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摘要:
A workshop funded by the National Science Foundation's Climate Dynamics Program and Switzerland's National Climate Program convened in Bern, Switzerland on March 29–31 to discuss the establishment of a multinational, multidisciplinary study of the East African rift lakes. The 10‐year project, entitled the International Decade of the East African Lakes (IDEAL), has two primary goals. The first is to obtain long, high‐resolution records of climatic change in tropical East Africa. The second is to provide a comprehensive training program for African students and scientists and to strengthen African institutions' capabilities in the aquatic sciences, resulting in collaboration between African and northern hemisphere limnologists and paleoclimatolo
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/90EO00198
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Lessons from mass extinction |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 72,
Issue 24,
1991,
Page 259-259
Anonymous,
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摘要:
A session on the Mass Extinction Debates will be held July 12 at the Biannual Meeting of the International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology at Northwestern University. This meeting will be the first that brings together the debating scientists with historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science who view the extinction upheaval as an exceptional opportunity to observe the workings of science that may be hidden from view in the study of less controversial topics.The growing debates over the cause of mass extinctions were triggered by the Alvarez/Berkeley‐group meteorite impact hypothesis in 1979. The conflict has engaged a seemingly broader range of scientific disciplines than any other debate in the history of Earth sciences and has prompted rejuvenation of long quiescent areas of research, collaborations between formerly isolated specialists, redirection of careers, and remarkable new field studies, experiments, and reexamination of evidenc
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/90EO00199
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Ivan Johnson recognized for service |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 72,
Issue 24,
1991,
Page 260-260
Anonymous,
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摘要:
A. Ivan Johnson was recognized by the officers and members of AGU's hydrology section for 43 years of service. Originally named at the 1990 Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., he recently received the plaque, which reads “for distinguished service, nationally and internationally, to ensure the development of the science of hydrology, and foster communication between scientists. Numerous scientific hydrology meetings sponsored by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences and the American Geophysical Union have been outstanding successes because of the singular contributions to their organization made by our dedicated colleague. Unselfish cooperation in science is exemplified by these exceptional contributions
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO072i024p00260-02
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Hydrology of Ice Caps in Volcanic Regions |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 72,
Issue 24,
1991,
Page 261-261
Andrew Fountain,
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摘要:
Hydrology of Ice Caps in Volcanic Regionsactually concerns itself with the hydrology of two ice caps in Iceland rather than the global topic the title implies. However, the unique condition in Iceland—an ice cap resting between two diverging plates of the Earth's crust—provides an excellent location to study ice‐volcano and ice‐geothermal interactions.An important motivation for this work, as for any of the glaciological studies in Iceland, is to understand the mechanics of glacier outburst floods (Jökulhlaups) that result from the release of large volumes of water stored at the base of the ice caps. Although outburst floods may be common to all glaciers, the magnitudes of the floods from Icelandic ice caps dwarf the historic outburst floods from other glaciers and are the largest glacier outburst floods in historic times, usually exceeding 1 km3and occasionally exceeding 5 km3! The peak water discharge during these events can reach 40,000 m3/s, which exceeds the average flow of the Mississippi River. Considering that these floods occur every 2'10 years and cause havoc to transportation routes (the Icelanders will not live in flood plains), an understanding of how these floods develop is extremely i
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/90EO00202
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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