摘要:

The last decade in oceanography has seen rapid advances in both in situ and remote instrumentation which have provided new insight into the physics of the sea. Satelliteborne instruments have been especially valuable in revealing complexities of the surface layer through infrared and multispectral imagery, precise global tracking of surface drifter fields, altimetric measurements of sea surface height, and radar observations of wind and wave patterns. This flood of information has opened new avenues of research and, in so doing, has significantly altered some of our conceptions of the general oceanic circulation.With improved observational techniques has come an appreciation of the highly variable nature of oceanic phenomena. This variability occurs on a wide range of scales, from microstructure to basinwide events, but particular attention has been directed toward the mesoscale. Current meanders, ring vortices, and midocean eddies comprise the ocean mesoscale variability, collectively known as the eddy field. The existence of oceanic eddies is not surprising, considering their well‐documented counterparts, the storms and weather patterns of the atmosphere. Yet their role in the maintenance of the general circulation is far from clear, and numerous expeditions have been dedicated to their exploration. Because these eddying motions often contain energy significantly greater than the mean flow itself, determination of eddy intensity and distribution is a necessary key to understanding global ocean dynamic

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO062i045p00737

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO062i045p00741-01

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Observations by the Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter spacecraft have yielded intriguing evidence that a geologic record of cyclical climate change exists in the polar regions of Mars. Cyclical climate changes are readily explained theoretically because the surface and atmosphere of Mars experience quasi‐periodic variations in the amount and distribution of solar heating because of major perturbations in orbital and axial elements. However, the effect of these perturbations on climate are poorly understood, the mechanisms for establishing geologic records of climate are not well defined, and no definitive correlation of orbital/axial perturbations and polar stratigraphy has ever been demonstrate

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO062i045p00755

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the recent recessionary slump, employers in the private sector, responding to a national survey conducted by the College Placement Council, continued to report increased employment opportunities for engineering graduates. While business disciplines and the science, math, and other technical categories experienced some fluctuation during this period, overall, employers continued to report increased hiring. What is unique about this early forecast for 1981–82 is that for the first time in the past several years an anticipated increase in hiring was reported for the other nontechnical categories. Five hundred fifty‐one employing organizations in the private sector anticipated an increase in hiring for each of the four curricular areas surve

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO062i045p00761-01

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Variations in the solar heating of the earth and its envelopingatmosphere, caused by changes in the earth's orbit,may affect the intensity of monsoons, according to John E.Kutzbach, professor of meteorology and director of theCenter for Climate Research at the University of Wisconsinin Madison.‘Basically, our findings show that greater heating of the land surface and overlying atmosphere produces a stronger land‐ocean temperature contrast,’ Kutzbach said, ‘which in turn generates a vast continental‐scale sea breeze, with air moving from the “cool” ocean to the “warm” land. This stronger monsoonal circulation brings more moisture from the oceans to the land masses and results in

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO062i045p00764-01

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On April 6–10, 1981, the Chapman conference on Generation of the Oceanic Lithosphere was held at Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia. It was convened by D.C. Presnall, A.L. Hales (both at the University of Texas at Dallas), and F.A. Frey (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). The purpose of the conference was to bring together scientists with diverse specialties to develop a better understanding of the constraints imposed by geophysics, geochemistry, petrology, and tectonics on processes of oceanic lithosphere generation. Sessions were held on the nature of the crust and upper mantle at spreading centers; trace elements and isotopes; experimental petrology; magma chamber dynamics, melt migration, and mantle flow; slow versus fast spreading ridges; Atlantic spreading centers; Pacific spreading centers; and hydrothermal activity, metasomatism, and metamorphism. Fifty‐four oral papers and 47 poster papers were presented. One hundred twenty‐eight scientists attended from Australia, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, United Kingdom, United States, and the

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO062i045p00772

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The eighth meeting of the European Geophysical Society took place at the University of Uppsala, Sweden, August 24–29, 1981. As most of the previous assemblies of the Society had been held in Central Europe, involving relatively short journeys for the great majority of participants, we were anxious to see what effect a venue on the ‘outskirts’ of Europe would have on the participation and scientific input to the 1981 meeting. Furthermore, the IAGA Assembly, which was held in Edinburgh 2 weeks before the EGS meeting, would naturally reduce the contribution from fields like ionospheric/magnetospheric physics and paleomagnetism. Under these circumstances a total of 348 registered participants must be regarded as reasonably good. The 261 papers presented were organized into 13 symposia, one workshop, and two general ses

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO062i045p00789

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO062i045p00794

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY