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1. |
Volcanic pollution and climate: The 1783 Laki eruption |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 63,
Issue 32,
1982,
Page 601-602
Haraldur Sigurdsson,
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摘要:
The global temperature rise of 0.4°C in the past century is now generally attributed to the greenhouse effect, i.e., the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide through manmade pollution. Superimposed on this general warming trend are sharp temporary cooling events, usually 1 to 3 years in duration, that coincide with large volcanic eruptions. These events mark a massive natural pollution of the stratosphere, resulting in backscattering of solar radiation and cooling of the earth [Hansen et al., 1981]. The latest of these events was the 1963 eruption of Agung volcano on Bali Island that resulted in 0.2°C global cooling, whereas paradoxically the Mount St. Helens eruption in 1980 had no detectable effect [Robock, 1981], although of comparable magnitude. On the other hand, one of the most severe volcano‐related climate effects in historical times was associated with a largely nonexplosive eruption that produced mostly lava and volcanic gases but little volcanic ash: the 1783 eruption of the Laki crater‐row in Iceland [Thorarinsson, 1979]. Thus, although volcanism clearly affects climate, it appears that this effect is not simply related to the magnitude or the explosivity of the eruption, i.e., the production of volcanic ash, but rather to some other properties of the
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO063i032p00601
年代:1982
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Gravity Probe B to test Einstein |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 63,
Issue 32,
1982,
Page 602-602
Peter M. Bell,
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摘要:
Gravity probe B, which has been proposed for a space shuttle launch in 1992, is a 2‐ton spacecraft that has been under study for several years at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. The heart of the spacecraft is a gyroscope, which consists o f a solid quartz golfball‐sized sphere that serves as the rotor. Levitated in space by an electric field, the rotor would spin completely untouched at 170 cycles per second.The rotor is so nearly perfectly round that if it were expanded from its golfball size to the size of the earth, the highest imperfection on its surface would be only about 1.8 m (6 feet). To give the ball superconductivity, Marshall has developed a niobium coating for the rotor and has been instrumental in the development of an isothermal barrier—a large vacuum‐bottlelike container that would provide near‐absolute‐zero temperatures for th
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO063i032p00602-01
年代:1982
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Minerals From the Marine Environment |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 63,
Issue 32,
1982,
Page 603-603
Michael J. Cruickshank,
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摘要:
The current interest in minerals centering on, among other things, potential shortages, long‐term needs, and deep seabed nodules, accentuates the usefulness and timeliness of this little book authored by a former chairman of the British National Environmental Research Council.In less than 100 pages, the author puts into perspective the potential for producing minerals from offshore areas of the world. After introducing the reader to the ocean environment and the extraordinary variety of the nature of the seabed, the author describes in some detail the variety of minerals found there. This is done in seven separate chapters entitled ‘Bulk and Non‐Metallic Minerals From the Seas’; ‘Metals From the Shallow Seas’; ‘Metals From the Deep Oceans’; ‘Minerals From Solution’; ‘Oil and Gas from the Shallow Seas’; ‘Oil and Gas From Deep Waters’; and ‘Coal Beneath the Sea.’ The remaining chapters give a brief regional review of marine minerals distribution for eight areas of significant socioeconomic structure, and a short recapitulation of special problems of mineral recovery in the marine environment including such matters as the effect of water motion on mineral processing and of international law on investments. Glossaries of geological periods and technical terms, a short list of references
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO063i032p00603
年代:1982
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Minutes: Hydrology Section Executive Committee Meeting |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 63,
Issue 32,
1982,
Page 604-604
John C. Schaake,
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摘要:
The meeting began promptly at 4:00 P.M., June 1, 1982. Twenty‐two members attended. The meeting was opened with a brief announcement by Yacov Haimes that the last board meeting of the Universities Council on Water Resources Research approved the idea of a one‐semester course, suitable for television, on water resources and hydrology. Anyone interested in this should contact Yacov.The entire meeting was then devoted to a discussion of one topic—the proposal to establish a memorial lectureship in honor of Ven Te Chow. President Wallis presented results of the questionnaire survey of members of the se
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/EO063i032p00604
年代:1982
数据来源: WILEY
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