摘要:

In recent years the structure of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and the actions of many ICSU bodies have increasingly come under criticism from governments, scientific academies, and individual scientists. National committees are taking a hard look at the benefits of adhering to nongovernmental organizations, and threats of withdrawal are being voiced here and there. The worldwide wave of nationalism and/or isolationism, the wave of anti‐intellectualism sweeping through many countries, and the frightening turn to introspection and to irrational beliefs of the young generation in many countries all have had an impact on government and politics that in my view seriously imperils the future of international cooperation in scientific research. Those of us scientists who feel a social responsibility and accountability to our fellow men and women cannot remain indifferen

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i006p00514

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the past two years, I have had the privilege of using this page to present my views on topics that I considered to be of interest and importance to AGU members. Response to these views has ranged from appreciation to scorn—seldom have they been ignored. The members of AGU are concerned about their society and the activities in which it chooses to engage. This concern testifies to the health of the Union.Since this is my final opportunity as your president to write this page, rather than pontificate on yet another issue, I prefer to invoke my prerogative and divert this space for my personal use. I wish to take this occasion to express my gratitude to all those members who have participated actively in AGU affairs during my tenure. I refer not only to the Union and section officers but also to the staff, committee members, editors, special representatives, and those of you who have taken time to write or participate in other ways. For herein lies the true strength of our Union. I urge others to share in this rewarding activity, particularly the younger members, since it is you who have the greatest stake in the direction the Union takes. Small course corrections now will in the future prove to have been critical decision points, and you can influence these correction

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i006p00515

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most important domestic problems faced in the United States today are affected by policies for the management of our water resources. Energy, the environment, food production, regional economic development, even our international balance of trade, are all affected directly or indirectly by water resources management. Often there is too much or too little management, or it occurs in the wrong place, at the wrong time, or in the wrong way to serve the many demands. The combination of all these inadequacies constitutes what is generally referred to as ‘the water problem.’The nature of the problem and our perception of it have been changing over time. In part, this is because our understanding of the physical, chemical, biological, economic, and social aspects of water resources has grown rapidly. Long‐term climatic variations, for example, have become much more important to us, since we perceive that our water uses are encroaching more demandingly upon available supply. And the relations of organisms to their environment have become more important as we have come to note the magnitude of our pollution discharges and the interdependencies between man and his environment. In part, the change results as well from the fact that values, as well as relevant organizational and institutional structures, have been in flux. Increased concern for environmental protection, for example, has resulted in changing attitudes toward and demands on our water reso

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i006p00516

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Determining the structural stability of sediments requires probing the microscopic world of soil particles to measure such unconventional quantities as the amount of water between sediment particles, or ‘pore pressure,’ and the mierostructure, or fabric, of clay sediments. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration recently completed a 2‐year series of measurements of pore pressure in sediments where they lie: in their pressurized underwater environment.Richard Bennett and other NOAA researchers took measurements in the shallow marine waters in heavily drilled shelf areas south of the Mississippi Delta, using a 19‐m weighted cylindrical probe. Deployed from a ship, it digs into the soft sediment floor, sensing pore pressure at three locations along its length. This information is recorded by equipment on a nearby oil p

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i006p00528

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Proceedings of the Current Measurement Working Conference, a 3‐day meeting of 150 marine specialists, are available from the Sea Grant Office at the University of Delaware. The first two days of the meeting were devoted to presentations by invited speakers describing activities in scientific research, ocean engineering, environmental impact assessment, operational surveys, and current measurement system testing and development. Among the participants were Nicholas Fofonoff, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; George Z. Forristall, Shell Development Company; J . Dungan Smith, University of Washington; Paul Teleki, U.S. Geological Survey; and David Halpern, NOAA/Pacific Marine Environment Laboratory.An ad hoc group was formed at the meeting to investigate the possibility of creating a permanent committee on procedures and standards affiliated with an appropriate professional societ

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i006p00529-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With a starting speed of less than 25 cm/s, this propeller anemometer can make precise air velocity measurements in the low ranges where a conventional pitot‐static probe is not sufficiently accurate. The instrument uses a very lightweight four‐blade helicoid propeller molded of polystyrene foam. It responds only to the component of the air stream parallel to its axis. The propeller anemometer is manufactured by R. M. Young Company of Traverse City, Michi

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i006p00530-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recently developed $40,000 array processors possess computational power comparable to large multimillion dollar computers. John Newkirk and Jon Claerbout of the Stanford Exploration Project use one of these computers for research in reflection seismology. They purchased their array processor (AP) from the largest AP manufacturer, interfaced the AP to a popular mini‐computer (from the largest mini‐computer manufacturer), added a full complement of host memory, a fast disc, and selected what they believe to be the best operating system for supporting a dozen doctoral candidates doing research in geophysics and electrical engineer

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i006p00531-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A major (magnitude 7.2) earthquake which struck Kalapana, Hawaii, in 1975 was preceded by a seismic velocity decrease, according to Arch C Johnston of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences. In comparing the arrival times of seismic waves from the active Fiji and Tonga island chains, Johnston found that beginning about 3½ years before the Kalapana earthquake, a given signal from one of the Fiji quakes took about a fifth of a second longer to reach the station nearest the Kalapana epicenter than had previous signals. The travel time returned to normal a few months before the quake occurred

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i006p00532-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Grants in partial support of the travel of young students to Chapman conferences will be made from income to this fund. The fund has been established by the contribution of the $1700 residue of the Sydney Chapman Memorial Lecture Fund to the AGU and by generous contributions of the membership for this purpose.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i006p00533-01

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO059i006p00534

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY