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1. |
Global distribution of fires seen from space |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 74,
Issue 12,
1993,
Page 129-135
Meinrat O. Andreae,
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摘要:
Biomass burning is one of the major pollution sources of the Earth's atmosphere, releasing large amounts of gaseous (CO, NOX, hydrocarbons, etc.) and particulate (aerosol) emissions [Crutzen and Andreae,1990;Andreae,1991;Leuine,1991]. Furthermore, fires in forests and savannas have an important ecological influence, especially in the tropics [Goldammer,1990;Kozlowski and Ahlgren,1974]. Yet, no global survey of fire incidence as a function of time and geographic region is available at this time. The recent release of the NASA/Space Shuttle Earth Observations Project (SSEOP) data base provides an opportunity to investigate the global distribution of large fires.
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/93EO00166
年代:1993
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Subcommittee examines NSF's role |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 74,
Issue 12,
1993,
Page 130-131
Audrey T. Leath,
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摘要:
On March 3, the House Subcommittee on Science continued its examination of scientific research with the second in a series of hearings on renewing U.S. science policy. The hearing focused on the report by the National Science Board's Commission on the Future of the National Science Foundation, released last November. The subcommittee chairman, Rick Boucher (D‐Va.), in cooperation with full science committee chairman George Brown (D‐Calif.), plans further hearings throughout the year to look at the way science is funded, how it contributes to national needs, and whether a better method of priority setting is necessary.The NSB Commission, according to witness James Duderstadt, NSB chairman, “strongly reaffirms [NSF's support of] curiosity‐driven, peer‐reviewed science.” The witnesses unanimously concurred with the commission's finding that, in general, NSF's traditional mission is appropriate and the foundation is performing it well. They recommended no major changes to the agenc
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/93EO00362
年代:1993
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Developing Indo‐Nepal water resources |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 74,
Issue 12,
1993,
Page 131-131
T. Prasad,
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摘要:
Prospects for improving the development of water resources in the region and clarifying the problems that deter development were explored in the workshop, “Cooperative Development of Indo‐Nepal Water Resources: Prospects, Opportunities, and Challenges,” held from May 29–30, 1992, in Patna, India. It was organized by the Centre for Water Resources Studies at the Bihar College of Engineering in Patna.Nepal and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, which are south of Nepal, are very well endowed with water resources. Seven major rivers traversing these Indian states originate in Nepal. The capacity to generate power from these rivers is estimated to be equal to the hydroelectric power potential available in North America. The plains below the Himalayan foot hills in Nepal, called the Terai, and the plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are fertile and capable of high agricultura
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/93EO00179
年代:1993
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Are autoregressive models sensitive to initial conditions? |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 74,
Issue 12,
1993,
Page 132-134
Benjamin Fong Chao,
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摘要:
The answer is, it depends. If the poles of the autoregressive (AR) model all lie inside the unit circle on the complex z‐plane, then it is not sensitive to the initial condition. Otherwise, it will be.The question in the title arises from a discussion betweenGray and Woodward[1992] andTsonis[1991, 1992] concerning the sensitivity of climate models to initial conditions. It is an interesting, well‐posed mathematical question which, unfortunately, was not treated mathematically in their comments. The answer given above is closely related to whether the AR process is stationary or minimum‐phase; here I would like to offer a simple, analytic, intuitively clear proof, the essence of which can be traced back to a work byProny[1795], which has been known for nearly 200
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/93EO00025
年代:1993
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Mitigating the hazards of Mount Rainier |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 74,
Issue 12,
1993,
Page 133-133
Don Swanson,
Steve Malone,
Tom Casadevall,
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摘要:
Mount Rainier volcano is an ever‐present reminder to the more than three million inhabitants of the Puget Sound Lowland of the potentially hazardous geologic setting of the Pacific Northwest. Increased public awareness resulting from the recent eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Nevado del Ruiz, and Mount Pinatubo, among others, and the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI)'s designation of Mount Rainier as a Decade Volcano [Swanson et al.,1992] afford an opportunity to improve our knowledge about Mount Rainier with the goal of reducing these hazards. A workshop to discuss research needs and strategies, cosponsored by the National Academy of Sciences, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the University of Washington, was held at the University of Washington in Seattle from September 18 to 20, 1992. About seventy‐five Earth scientists, social scientists, and representatives of several companies and government agencies atten
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/93EO00268
年代:1993
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Anthony J. Erlank (1937–1992) |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 74,
Issue 12,
1993,
Page 134-134
Steve Haggerty,
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摘要:
A sad loss to science and many VGP friends throughout the world came on October 24, 1992, when Anthony J . Erlank passed away in the shadows of Table Mountain after a year‐long battle with cancer. Table Mountain, a mariner's landmark on the Cape of Good Hope, overlooks the meeting of oceans and the fusion of people, and Tony savored its every quality. He was born in 1937 in the farming community of Ooudtshooren, South Africa, the ostrich capital of the world. Far from burying his head in the sand or flashing his plumes, Tony sought, as proverbial ostriches do, objects of brilliance, the gems of scientific discover
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/93EO00258
年代:1993
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
U.S. National Seismograph Network improves earthquake monitoring |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 74,
Issue 12,
1993,
Page 136-137
Ray Buland,
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摘要:
The concept of a United States National Seismograph Network (USNSN) dates back nearly 30 years. The idea was revived several times over the decades but never funded. For example, a national network was proposed and discussed at great length in the so‐called “Bolt Report” (U.S. Earthquake Observatories: Recommendations for a New National Network,National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1980). From the beginning, a national network was viewed as augmenting and complementing the dense, predominantly short‐period vertical coverage of selected areas provided by the Regional Seismograph Networks (RSNs) with a sparse, well‐distributed network of three‐component, observatory‐quality, perma
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/93EO00263
年代:1993
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
Wind profiler yields observations of ENSO signal |
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Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,
Volume 74,
Issue 12,
1993,
Page 137-142
K. S. Gage,
J. R. McAfee,
D. A. Carter,
W. L. Ecklund,
A. C. Riddle,
P. E. Johnston,
B. B. Balsley,
G. C. Reid,
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摘要:
Nearly continuous observations of tropospheric wind at Christmas Island (2°N, 157°W) have been made since March 1986 using a VHF wind‐profiling Doppler radar. The interannual zonal wind variations observed at this central Pacific location show a clear El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal with weaker than normal lower tropospheric easterlies and upper tropospheric westerlies during El Niño and stronger than normal lower tropospheric easterlies and upper tropospheric westerlies during La Niña. These dramatic changes in the tropospheric circulation over the central Pacific are related to variations in the zonal Walker Circulation, which in turn are associated with the Southern Oscillation. Observations recorded from 1986 to 1989 illustrate a complete ENSO cycle with the 1986–1987 El Niño followed by the 1988–1
ISSN:0002-8606
DOI:10.1029/93EO00045
年代:1993
数据来源: WILEY
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