摘要:

The 1989 review committee for the National Science Foundation Ocean Sciences Research Section (OSRS) assembled statistical comparisons of funding patterns for 5 fiscal years (FY 1984–FY 1988) and reviewed in detail 80 individual proposal files. The success rates of research proposals varied greatly among programs, with Chemical Oceanography at 48% Physical Oceanography at 46%, Marine Geology and Geophysics at 37%, and Biological Oceanography at 28%. The success rates of male and female Principal Investigators (PIs) were equal. The numbers of female PIs in ocean sciences are low but clearly growing. New PIs no more than 5 years from award of their Ph.D. had lower success rates than older PIs in Biological Oceanography but not in the other three programs. Review panels can be shown to have a strong influence on the ultimate fate of proposals in OSRS. In virtually all cases examined, this influence of the panel was appropriate and scientifically well justified. The funding decisions of NSF program managers in Ocean Sciences were understandable and well documented—the review committee would challenge only a small fraction of all decisions. The review process appears to be functioning well at all levels to identify and promote excellence in ocean sciences resea

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/90EO00020

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With state‐of‐the‐art technology supported by scissors and bungy cords, Earth scientists are beginning to look at mineral surfaces and mineral‐fluid interactions on an atomic scale.The instrument that can provide such a detailed view is the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), which made a great theoretical and practical splash when it was introduced in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, physicists at IBM's laboratory in Zurich. They won a Nobel Prize in Physics for their work 5 year

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO071i004p00218-01

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The National Science Foundation has awarded $22.7 million for instruments to improve undergraduate education. The 626 grants went to community colleges, four‐year colleges, and universities for their science, mathematics, and engineering departments.About 40 of the awards are for Earth science equipment. Many other awards are to undergraduate physics, chemistry, and engineering programs that provide graduate students to geophysic

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO071i004p00219

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While I agree with the point made by Shröder (Eos, April 18, 1989) that early work in a subject is generally ignored, and that this is unfortunate, I feel that his implied criticism of the paper by Hendriksen and Egeland (Eos, July 19, 1988) is misplaced and unwarranted.Hendriksen and Egeland were not writing a definitive review paper in which all contributions to a subject were to be mentioned and/or discussed. They were writing from a particular perspective, emphasizing only those aspects they considered pertinent to their treatment. Other writers, with differing perspectives, would have selected from the literature differently. As will be noted below in more detail, Schroder himself has done just this, in selecting only German work in his comment

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO071i004p00220-01

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

I have carried out many different types of activities while working as an Earth scientist over the last 20 years, but the past year was extremely different from those that preceded it. During most of my career I have engaged in investigative activities mandated at one level or another by Congressional edict. Often during my work I have pondered how well we, as scientists, communicate with decision makers (let alone with each other). Two years ago it seemed likely that I would be moving to Washington, D.C., and this provided me with the long‐desired opportunity to compete for the American Geophysical Union Congressional Science Fellowship in order to learn about such communication first hand, as well as to learn about the legislative application of Earth science informatio

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO071i004p00226-01

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐five distinguished scientists have been elected Fellows of the Union. Fellows are scientists who are judged by their peers as having attained acknowledged eminence in a branch of geophysics. The number of Fellows elected each year is limited to 0.1 % of the total membership at the time of election. The newly elected Fellows are listed her

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO071i004p00227

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY