摘要:

I am writing in reference to an article by Leonard B. Dworsky in the August issue of EOS dealing with what the author feels are the necessary steps toward an effective and credible program of water pollution control.That public expectations need to be adjusted to real world solutions can hardly be denied. The general public is all too often led to believe that there is an instant solution to every problem, and many self‐appointed ‘experts’ have led the public to believe that this is also true of pollution. But even among those who realize effective pollution control requires a dedicated, continuous effort, there is room for disagreement as to the means of achieving effective control. For example, Dworsky prefaces most of what he feels are necessary actions with the phrase, ‘Congress should … ’. This preface leaves me with many reservations about both the effectiveness of the measures that need to be taken and their

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i012p00862

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In August we paid tribute on this page to our retiring Executive Director, Waldo E. Smith. It seems appropriate that we should now use the same medium to introduce AGU's new Executive Director, A.F. Spilhaus, Jr. Fred, an oceanographer by training, joined the AGU staff in 1967 as Assistant Executive Director. He is well known to participants in the Visiting Scientists Program. He helped to create EOS, and has edited it from its inception.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i012p00863

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many studies conducted by various government agencies and private organizations on the technology of precise measurement and positioning at sea have established that (1) the need for improved accuracy is great and rapidly increasing, and (2) the state of the art has been advanced to a point where a coordinated, well‐planned program aimed at meeting requirements would provide valuable, practical, and economic results. Now is the time to carefully assess the over‐all situation, both the identified needs and the estimated potentials, and to decide what the next steps should be for using available knowledge. An efficient program should be designed and initiated to meet at least present critical needs and to build a firm foundation for meeting future needs.This paper is concerned with assessment of only the four systems that Battelle has examined in some detail, namely, Airborne LORAC, Doppler Satellite, C‐Band Radar, and Very‐Long‐Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and the acoustic system that is required with all presently available systems. Also, the paper is concerned primarily with the geometric aspects of geodesy rather than, for example, with its physical aspects or with such special areas as satellite

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i012p00864

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Geophysical evidence has accumulated rapidly in the last few years for hypotheses of plate tectonics, which include the ideas of continental drift, sea‐floor spreading, transform faulting, underthrusting of the lithosphere at island arcs and the coherent movements of large blocks of the crust and uppermost mantle. The success of these concepts in explaining and synthesizing a great amount of geophysical data strongly suggests that these ideas should have broad application in geology. Plate tectonics, which is largely a kinematic description of relative movements of the earth's surface, also has stimulated interest in the processes driving plates and in the mechanical properties of the upper mantle below the lithosphere.To explore some of these new directions a Symposium on Mechanical Properties and Processes in the Mantle was held in Flagstaff, Arizona, June 29–July 3, 1970, under the auspices of the International Upper Mantle Project and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. This was the first major upper mantle symposium held in the United States. The scope of the conference included physical properties of materials likely to be present in the mantle, rocks of possible mantle origin and their mode of emplacement, convection currents, and other possible driving forces of global tectonics. The conference was not intended to be a review of geophysical evidence for plate movements, but rather to seek out new directions influenced by these ideas.h such special areas as satellite altime

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i012p00874

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The International Geophysical Calendar is issued annually as a guide to geophysicists and scientists in related fields in the conduct of their programs of observation and data analysis, in particular for programs that cannot be carried out continuously. It is a mechanism for general international coordination of work in geophysics. The calendar provides a basis for the systematic sampling of geophysical conditions on various time scales and for a useful concentration of effort by observers in various countries and various scientific disciplines. Regional or global geophysical modeling and the detailed study of particular short‐lived phenomena is enhanced because the amount of raw data in existence, as well as analyzed data in World Data Centers, tends to be greater on days and intervals marked on the calenda

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i012p00879

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Approximately 520 engineers and scientists from 55 countries attended the International Symposium on Hydrometry held at Koblenz, Federal Republic of Germany, from September 13 through 22, 1970. The symposium was convened by Uhesco and organized in cooperation with the World Meteorological Organizations (WMO), Unesco, the National Committee for the International Hydrological Decade of the Federal Republic of Germany, and the International Association of Scientific Hydrology (IASH). The symposium was organized within the framework of the International Hydrological Decade (IHD).After a welcoming speech by J. Wallner, Chairman of the Organizing Committee, the opening address was presented by S. Dumitrescu, the representative of Unesco. Introductory statements were then delivered by T. Palas, the representative of WMO; by L.J. Tison, the representative of IASH; and by K. Wittock, the representative of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i012p00884

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An earth‐orbiting Nimbus‐4 weather satellite is now relaying the temperature of steam emitted from volcanic, snow‐capped Mt. Rainier in Washington ‘on command’ eight times each week as it passes over the 14,41 0‐foot mountain.According to USGS and NASA scientists who are teamed up on the project, the satellite, flying at an altitude of about 680 miles, receives radio signals from a special temperature‐monitoring station at the peak of the mountain, relaying them to a ground station at Fairbanks, Alaska. Land lines transmit the data from Alaska to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center near Washington, D.C., where they are printed ou

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i012p00885

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mexican and American scientists will monitor ground motion under the Gulf of California in a project aimed at learning more about sea‐floor spreading and how such movements may affect California's great San Andreas Fault.The principal investigators are Cinna Lomnitz and Frederico Mooser (University of Mexico), Clarence R. Allen (California Institute of Technology), and James N. Brune (University of California, San Diego). They and other researchers will establish an 8‐station seismological network around the gulf with funds from the National Science Foundat

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i012p00886-01

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Astronomers are greatly interested in accurate determinations of the abundance of solar iron, determinations that are of critical importance in developing models of the solar atmosphere. They have been puzzled by determinations that seemed to give a much smaller iron abundance in the sun's photosphere than in the corona. The accuracy in determining such abundances is critically dependent upon a basic atomic characteristic—the atomic oscillator strengths, or ƒ values, of the element in question. Gross deviations between a few newly measured Fe I ƒ values in the literature and older, widely accepted comprehensive data tables led atomic physicists J.M. Bridges and W.L. Wiese of the National Bureau of Standards (U.S. Department of Commerce) Institute for Basic Standards to remeasure the ƒ values for iron on a comprehensive scale in hopes of resolving this discrep

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i012p00887

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An Atmospheric Analysis Laboratory will be established at the University of Arizona to aid the fight against air pollution. The laboratory and a $545,179 supporting grant from the Arizona Mining Association were approved recently by the Arizona Board of Regents. The mining industry grant will make it possible for Arizona to become one of the first states to have a comprehensive air monitoring and analysis program.Noting that air pollution concerns every person in Arizona, University President Richard A. Harvill said the laboratory would provide an effective method to study the problem. ‘An analysis of the situation will be made by competent, unbiased people,’ he s

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO051i012p00888-01

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY