摘要:

In recent years, much progress has been made in the use of both satellite and aircraft remote sensing techniques to collect data on the dynamics of volcanic eruptions and on the interactions between volcanos and the atmosphere and ecosphere. Measurements made in the ultraviolet provide estimates of the mass of SO2released, while the hemispheric dispersal of eruption plumes can be tracked via weather satellites. Infrared images can be processed to produce temperature maps of lava flows and volcanic craters, and volumes of volcanic flows and cones can be measured via radar interferometry. Because the study of volcanos crosses many interdisciplinary boundaries, from geology and geophysics to atmospheric chemistry, climatology and ecology, the global perspective provided by satellite remote sensing techniques will become another valuable tool in the analysis of volcanos and their deposits.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/89EO00396

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Space Physics Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Office of Space Science and Applications will sponsor a study in 1990 to develop strategies and their implementation for future missions into the first decade of the 21st century. This Strategy‐Implementation Study has been chartered by the Space Physics Subcommittee of the Space Science and Applications Advisory Committee. The chairs for this study and this subcommittee are, respectively, Kenneth Fox and George L. Siscoe.The study includes two Division‐wide workshops preceded by several disciplinary workshops (Cosmic Ray/Heliospheric, Ionospheric‐/Mesospheric/Thermospheric, Magnetospheric, and Solar). The first Division‐wide workshop will be held in Baltimore, Md. during the week of January 24–26, 1990. The second workshop is also planned for the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. area during June 18–22, 1990. The entire space physics scientific community may participate in these and related activities. However, to assign responsibility and guarantee continuity, there will be 65 designated attendees distributed uniformly among the disciplines of the Space Physics Division. The space physics community is therefore encouraged to bring forward its concepts and suggestions to this Workshop through these appropriate Panel members. The ultimate purpose of this Study and its Workshops and other deliberations is to deliver a plan for future missions to the Space Physics Subcommittee and the Space Science and Applications Advisor

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/89EO00397

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The headline to a recent news article read “NASA Focuses on Station, Faces Growing Budget Crisis” [Covault, 1989], which I thought summarized NASA's present and probable future succinctly. The article was unusual: it not only discussed NASA's budget options through 2000, a long time by the normal standards of these discussions, but it also pointed out that “major design decisions over the next two years will be critical to constructing a [space]station that will endure 30 years.”Imagine trying to think 30–40 years ahead in the space program to a time in the middle 2020s when the station will presumably cease to endure! As I will try to show, however, it is crucial for those of us in the space program to think ahead for those 30–40 years if we are going to interpret correctly the events already beginning to shape the program for those years and which must soon begin to have a dramatic effect on it

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/89EO00399

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

NOAA has set up a new laboratory to monitor and predict climate change. The lab will be staffed by members of three groups within NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory, and will be based at the agency's Environmental Research Laboratories in Boulder, Colo.The Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL), as the new lab will be called, will run programs to analyze data from the atmosphere and oceans and will use the information to characterize global processes that affect climate and to develop predictive models.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO070i052p01570-02

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This large volume describes all the forms of radio research done at the National Bureau of Standards (now, National Institute of Standards and Technology) from its founding in 1901 until about 1980. The volume truly reflects its subtitle; it describes in great detail research in radio propagation and all its connections with geophysics and geospace, but also radio as instrument for discovery and application in meteorology, navigation, and in standards of measurement and testing in electronics.The book is a bit unwieldy and some of its chapters will be of most interest to former NBS employees. For example, there is a lengthy chapter on the transfer of radio research work from Washington, D.C, to Boulder, Colo., in the early 1950s, complete with photostat of the quit claim deed to NBS from the Boulder Chamber of Commerce. On the other hand, radio research developed and flourished in this country in the early days at industrial (Bell Telephone, General Electric, Westinghouse) and government (NBS, Naval Research Laboratory) labs more than in academia, and it is very interesting to learn how the labs interacted and to read details of the organizational structure. I can attest personally to the great difficulties in locating materials concerning radio history. While we have numerous volumes devoted to certain popular radio heroes, little is available concerning government radio pioneers such as L. W. Austin, who directed the U.S. Navy's radio research for many years while situated physically at the Bureau of Standards, or J. H. Dellinger, long‐time chief of the Radio Section and head spokesman on radio for the U.S. government until the 1930

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/89EO00403

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eight hundred volcanologists from 34 countries gathered in late June in Santa Fe, N.Mex., for the week‐long 1989 General Assembly of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). Although such international volcanological meetings have taken place every 4 years since the 1950s, this was the first IAVCEI Assembly ever held in North America, as noted by the president of IAVCEI, Shigeo Aramaki of the Earthquake Research Institute of the University of Tokyo, during the opening ceremony in Santa Fe. The Santa Fe assembly also was about 50% larger than any previous IAVCEI meeting, attesting to the healthy scientific status of volcanolog

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/89EO00404

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY