摘要:

In attempting to speak for the members of the American Geophysical Union in their joint effort to honor Lloyd Berkner for his lifetime I of ‘unselfish cooperation in research,’ I found myself asking ‘What is research, and what is geophysics?’ and no better answer came than Lloyd Berkner himself. Our lively interest is not just in rocks or waters or the turbulent winds of the heavens, but, more precisely, in the vast network of human relationships—human ideas, thoughts, questions, experiments, studies, and tentative answers—which we are all engaged in fabricating, centered on knowing more about the planet on which we live and the laws of nature, which are given such a fascinating multiplicity of expression all around us.For forty years Lloyd has been a vigorous participant in all of this, beginning with his short‐wave radio propagation studies in Minnesota and Antarctica in the 1920's, and proceeding to stimulate a wider and wider group of colleagues interested in the ionosphere, the arctic and antarctic regions, meteorology and the lower atmosphere, practical radio communication problems and radar, miniaturized electronics, naval and defense problems of broader and broader scope, the organization and support of government laboratories for pure science in its most intensive forms, international scientific organizations and substantive international cooperative studies, seismology, oceanography, radio astronomy, and, finally graduate education in‐relation to the commu

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR048i002p00313

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The honor paid to Ernest Harry Vestine by be award of the John Adam Fleming Medal would have greatly pleased Dr. Fleming, as it has Dr. Vestine's many friends and colleagues. Dr. Vestine is the fourth recipient of this award who was on Dr. Fleming's staff at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. This indicates Dr. Fleming's skill in choosing promising young scientists for appointment to that Department. Though Minneapolis born, Dr. Vestine spent part of his youth in Canada and studied there as an undergraduate and graduate. From there came his first contributions to geomagnetism and aeronomy as leader of the Canadian expedition to Meanook during the Second International Polar Year, 1932–1933. There he set up and operated a new magnetic observatory, which has since provided important magnetic data from the auroral cap of the Earth, above 60° dipole latitude. While at Meanook he observed noctilucent clouds and made one of the earliest reliable reports of them from this continent. In 1934 he wrote an important review article on this remarkable and beautiful phenomen

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR048i002p00317

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Manik Talwani was born in Patiala, India, in 1933. He took his Bachelor's and Master's degrees at Delhi University in India, and his Ph.D. at Columbia University, where he currently serves as Associate Professor of Geology.Manik Talwani's principal contribution has been in the application of marine gravimetry to studies of the Earth's crust and upper mantle. He has made theoretical studies regarding the problem of gravity measurements at sea, invented instruments to eliminate errors in these measurements, and developed computing techniques to aid in the interpretation of these measurements.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR048i002p00321

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The American Geophysical Union is pleased to present in the pages that follow some of the highlights of progress in geophysics in the United States during the interval that has elapsed since the Thirteenth General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in Berkeley in 1963. This report to our colleagues in the IUGG is in keeping with one of the major objectives of the International Union and is a continuation of the policy of stock‐taking established by the U. S. National Committee prior to the Twelfth General Assembly.The response to our last Triennial Report encourages us to believe that the effort involved in this undertaking is eminently worth while and that it contributes modestly to an overview of advances within the broad spectrum of activities encompassed by the term ‘geophysics.’ So rapid have been these advances in recent years that it is becoming increasingly difficult for any single individual to keep abreast of developments outside of his particular interest. And yet the thread of unity that holds together the several branches of geophysics is so strong and so important that insight and perspective on progress in one area of research are severely limited without an appreciation of its relation to progress in other branches. A General Assembly of the IUGG, at which the several associations meet jointly as well as singly, provides an especially appropriate occasion for this kind of exc

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR048i002p00323

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the Gulf Coast Onshore Offshore Experiment, which was carried out in cooperation with the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, was to determine crustal structure of a section across the Gulf Coast Geosyncline where the sediments are near maximum thickness. There is a longstanding difficulty in conceiving of a mechanism by which the deep sedimentary basins are formed. There appear to be two possibilities: (1) deposition of sediments on a continental crust which was downbuckled to accommodate them by some unknown means; or (2) that wherever the sediments were formed initially, they were finally deposited in deep water. In the latter case one would expect that they would be underlain by a thin oceanic crust.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR048i002p00753

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Largely at the urging of many of the smaller countries, the period of the Upper Mantle Project was extended through 1970 by the International Council of Scientific Unions. By the end of 1965, 37 countries had formally announced their intention to participate in the UMP; of these, 16 had made their announcement in 1965. It was clearly impossible for these new participants to organize and carry out their programs by 1967.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR048i002p00757

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sea ice accounts (in areal extent) for approximately two‐thirds of the Earth's ice cover. In the Arctic, its thickness is about 3 meters. Compared with the Greenland and antarctic ice sheets, this is only a thin veneer of ice, but its large areal extent has great importance because of the major influence of sea ice on heat exchange in the oceans and on the exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. The additional input of 25 kcal/cm2within a year would remove the arctic sea‐ice cover; this amount of heat is only one‐third of the annual northward transport of heat across the 70th parallel. Therefore, it is not surprising that the extent of arctic sea‐ice coverage undergoes large fluctuations amounting to about 10% of its mean annual extent (the fluctuation in areal extent of antarctic sea ice is even greater). Aperiodic, year‐to‐year variations of the ice boundary in the North Atlantic amount to several hundred kilometers; the sea‐ice cover appears to be one of the most variable physical features of the Ea

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR048i002p00759

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For a single individual to attempt to review a book that is the joint product of 136 expert contributors requires a considerable degree of presumption. For him to tell the editor and publishers that their methodology in putting the book together could have been improved upon requires a much higher concentration of gall. Yet I feel obliged to report that in this case the product has too many of the attributes of a symposium volume and too few of those of in encyclopedia.Most of the 136 authors are credited with joint or full authorship of only a single article, a few with more, Takashi Ichiye with 22, and the editor with 57. The individual articles almost without exception are excellent monographs, yet the result is a volume which, despite being headed with information, falls far short of presenting this information in the fashion that a reader should expect from an encyclopedia.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR048i002p00769

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two Navy‐sponsored oceanographic research vessels are to be constructed, under a contract recently signed by the Navy Ships Systems Command and a Michigan shipbuilding company. The vessels will cost $11,764,280 and will be operational in 1969. They will be designated AG0R‐14 and AGOR‐15 and will be leased to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, respect

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR048i002p00786

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics will be held in four cities in Switzerland from September 25 to October 7, 1967. Registration will begin in each city on September 23.The IUGG functions, including the opening and closing plenary sessions, and the sessions of Seismology and Volcanology, will be held in Zurich. Oceanography and Hydrology sessions will be held in Berne, Geology and Meteorology, in Lucerne, and Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, in St. Gall.

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/TR048i002p00792

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY