摘要:

At 5:04 P.M. on Tuesday, October 17, 1989 local time (10/18/89 00:04:15.23 UT) a large earthquake ruptured a 40‐km segment of the San Andreas fault in the Santa Cruz Mountains in northern California. The magnitude Ms was calculated at 7.1 by the National Earthquake Information Service using data from 18 stations. This report is based on information made available to geophysicists at the C. F. Richter Seismological Laboratory at the University of California at Santa Cruz (UCSC), as of 10 days following the main shock.The Santa Cruz Mountains (Loma Prieta) earthquake was the most severe in the continental U.S. since 1952, when a very large earthquake (Ms= 7.7) broke along the White Wolf fault near Bakersfield, Calif. It was the largest event on the San Andreas since the 1906 (M = 8.3) San Francisco even

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/89EO00345

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The deep open ocean exhibits energetic space‐time variability phenomena that are the counterpart of atmospheric weather systems. The internal weather of the sea occurs on the scale of the internal deformation radius (depth times the ratio of buoyancy to Coriolis frequencies), with features called “mesoscale” fronts and eddies, although the dynamical analogy is with the atmospheric synoptic scale [Charney and Flierl, 1980; Robinson, 1983]. Space scales range from tens to hundreds of kilometers and time scales from days to months; features extend from surface to bottom intensified in the upper ocean main thermocline.Mesoscale effects include the intermittent energization of regions; the shifting of currents; the location of air‐sea interaction events; the transport, entrapment and dispersion of such things as heat, chemicals, nutrients, larvae, and pollutants; and the alteration of sound propagation. Forecasting the internal weather of the sea is important scientifically and practically and is now feasible [Mooers et al, 1987; Robinson, 1987] due to rapid, recent advances in physical oceanography and related technologies, especially satellites and computers. We have established a forecast system for the Gulf Stream Meander and Ring (GSM&R) region, called GULFCAST, that provides predictions one week ahead in real time and on an ongoin

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/89EO00346

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/EO070i045p01466-03

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite significant progress in the TOGA program, a number of major hurdles remain before the primary scientific objective can be achieved: prediction of the variability of the coupled ocean‐atmosphere system on time scales of months to years. Foremost among the remaining problems is understanding the physics that maintains and perturbs the western Pacific warm pool. Even though it is believed that this is a “center of action” for the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation phenomenon in the ocean and atmosphere, simulation of airsea fluxes, sea surface temperature, and upper ocean structure of the Western Pacific warm pool has been an elusive goal.Accordingly, COARE has been proposed as a major process study for the second half of the decade‐long TOGA program. The goals of TOGA/COARE are to describe and understand: the principal processes responsible for the coupling of ocean and atmosphere in the western Pacific warm pool system the principal atmospheric processes that organize convection in the warm pool region the oceanic response to combined buoyancy and wind stress forcing in the western Pacific warm pool region the multiple‐scale interactions that extend the oceanic and atmospheric influence of the western Pacific warm pool system to other regions an

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/89EO00347

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY