摘要:

Paleomagnetic research in the period 1948–1954 established that the Earth had had a geomagnetic field since Late Precambrian time, that irrespective of reversals its direction varied very widely, and that at any one place these variations could be expressed as a path of apparent polar wander (APW). During the period 1955–1960, it was demonstrated, much to the chagrin of a community overwhelmingly fixist in belief, that each of the major continents had a very different APW path and that the differences were essentially those expected if continents had moved in the manner suggested by Wege

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01169

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred‐eighty‐eight new and prospective Ph.D.s have participated in a unique series of meetings designed to integrate young scientists into the research community and to foster interdisciplinary and interinstitutional research. These meetings, the Dissertations Symposia in Chemical Oceanography (DISCO), are sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation, and the Sea Grant Office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Expenses for the young marine chemists from academic institutions in the United States are totally provided by the sponsoring agencies. A number of new Ph.D.s from foreign schools have also participated by invitation; their expenses have been paid in part by their home countries or by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizat

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01170

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Responding to the United Nations designation of the International Decade for Natural Hazard Reduction, the Executive Committee of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) meeting in August in Acapulco, Mexico, established a Commission on Natural Marine Hazards.Natural and man‐made hazards such as tropical cyclones, floods, storm surges, tsunamis, severe waves, red tides, earthquakes, environmental pollution, volcanic eruptions, and chemical pollutions present challenges around the world and know no national or international boundaries. Such hazards therefore present challenges and life‐threatening problems to all the people of the world. Unless conscious and dedicated efforts by all nations are developed and implemented, the lives, and the quality of those lives, of all people on Earth are seriously and irreparably threate

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01171

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On September 24, 1987, a time lapse camera was deployed by the submersible ALVIN on a high‐temperature hydrothermal system on the central Juan de Fuca Ridge. Eleven months later, the camera was recovered on August 11, 1988, also by ALVIN, after taking 260 sequential photographs with a frame interval of 30 hours. When recovered, the time lapse camera system was still functioning, and the time series of high‐quality photographs provides a unique record of the structural and biological changes of this dynamic system.The hydrothermal system under study is located at the summit of Axial Seamount, a volcanic structure in the Eastern Pacific that rises to a depth of 1400 m, directly at the intersection of the Juan de Fuca Ridge spreading center and the Cobb‐Eichelberg Seamount Chain. This ridge‐axis seamount has been the focus of intensive surface ship and submersible studies since 1980, and the hydrothermal systems within the central summit caldera are probably among the most extensively mapped and sampled in the world. The camera was deployed 2.5 m from a sulfide mound that was approximately 1 m wide by 2 m high and was venting high‐temperature water from at least six discrete orifices from the summit and flanks of the mound; the highest temperature recorded from this mound was 283°C. As determined by submersible sampling, the mound was composed of sulfide and animal fragments and was cemented into a relatively coherent (and hard) ce

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01172

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For the first time, a long‐term global view of sea level change has become available to the ocean science community. The U.S. Navy's GEOSAT altimeter satellite has been measuring ocean surface topography with unprecedented precision since March 1985. GEOSAT represents a dramatic improvement over earlier observations from NASA's SEASAT mission primarily because of higher spatial resolution and longer temporal duration (3+ years vs. 3 months), as depicted on the cover of this issue. The measurement of sea level is an important variable in the determination of ocean circulation. A special session of the 1988 AGU Fall meeting will focus on studies of ocean circulation with the GEOSAT measurement

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01173

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On June 14, 1988, the 2nd Tidal Flow Forum was held at the VIIth International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources. The meeting took place in Boston, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with the participation of scientists and engineers from North America and Europe. Simulations of the tides in the English Channel and the southern bight of the North Sea (see figure) with two‐dimensional state‐of‐the‐art finite element and finite difference models were presented. By seeking to establish a benchmark computation, the conclusions reached at the Forum represent an important contribution to the understanding of our present‐day numerical modeling capabilities in the area of tidal hydr

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01174

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0002-8606    

DOI:10.1029/88EO01175

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY