摘要:

An earlier experiment has shown a high degree of overestimation of small motion tracks as compared with static space perception. In the present paper this is hypothesized as the visual outcome of a central nerve process specific for motion stimulation. The hypothesis is submitted to a test in an attempt to show a possible binocular intereaction of the effect. The experiment demonstrated a significant binocular summation and thus supported the hypothesis.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An experiment in which the subjects estimated (a) the ratio and (b) the similarity of pairs of stimuli, consisting of weights, is reported. The report reveals that the relation obtained in earlier investigations between estimated similarity and the two subjective magnitudes of the pair, holds good for the continuum of heaviness too. In connection with this the intraindividual standard deviation of ratio estimates and the problem of internal consistency of a ratio matrix are treated. In a speculative discussion the concept of similarity is scrutinized, the similarity function is tentatively extended to multi‐dimensional cases and an attempt is made to connect similarity and discrimination learnin

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Simple reaction times under irregular order of stimulus presentation are studied as a function of three luminous intensities viewed foveally and covering five logIunits at the upper half of the brightness scale. Response latency varies inversely and rectilineariy with logIwithin this range. Respondents tend to converge in average latency but differ more in variability as stimulus strength is reduced, the more variable subjects even at high intensity suffering relatively greater loss in speed. Both positive and negative practice effects are observed, which seem partly dependent on stimulus intensity.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The subjects were shown a silent motion picture and asked to describe simultaneously what they saw. They were then requested to give a retrospective account of the same film. Comparisons of these reports indicated that the simultaneous verbalizations yielded more information about the subjects' perception of other persons' feelings and momentary states. It is proposed that clinical diagnostics should include data on immediate person perception as well as retrospective accounts.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper intends to characterize, from a serial point of view, the five subsequent scores in Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) and to study the significance of various ‘serial types’: (1) by employing parallelly a diagnostic instrument, the serial version of Stroop's colour‐word test (CW), (2) by correlating serial patterns in RPM and ratings of temperamental traits. One RPM pattern implied early, another late maximum performance. As predicted, the sequence of part‐performances in RPM, independently of the total score, appeared to correlate with ‘cognitive style’ in the CW test and with the subject's observable behaviour in an intervie

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been claimed that the nearly logarithmic form of some category scales supports Fechner's law. However, by assuming that the concepts of similarity and difference are quantitatively complementary, it is possible to deduce the category scale equation from the similarity function. Thus, the category scale equation cannot be taken as evidence of the validity of Fechner's law.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper deals with a process of intuitive concept formation which is assumed to take place when learning of the concept involves unfamiliar discriminations, and is subordinate relative to some salient behavioral goal. Under such conditions, three separate stages of learning are hypothesized. At first, the defining property acquires perceptual dominance. After that, the functional concept is achieved. Finally, the verbal concept is developed as an insight into and symbolic representation of an already established intuitive discriminatory mechanism. This follows from certain theoretical assumptions concerning levels of cognitive organization, it is maintained, and is also in part corroborated by the findings from a preliminary experimental study.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The investigation concerns two main problems: (1) the distribution of ability test scores among twins in comparison with single‐borns; and (2) intra‐pair similarity among the various twin categories. More than 1000 individual twins were compared with 2700 single‐borns on 21 test variables covering Swedish, Mathematics and English. The twin group consistently showed a lower average than the single‐borns due to a displacement of the test score distribution as a whole among twins. The intra‐pair similarities, expressed as intra‐class correlations, run between 0.85 and 0.90 for identical pairs, whereas like‐sex fraternals showed coefficients about 0.60. The unlike‐sex fraternals had coefficients ten to twenty hundredths lower than those of the

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

(1) It is suggested that psychophysics should extend its scope to include also a continuum of memory magnitudes. (2) The main problem of the paper is to investigate the intersubjective equation ś=c2sn2wheresdenotes memory magnitude and s perceptual magnitude. (3) Certain generalizations of the method of ratio estimation and ratio production, which are necessary for determining the parameters of the intersubjective equation, are considered. (4) Three experiments are reported. In all three experimentsn2is somewhat larger than unity and shows very little variation from experiment to experiment. The other parameterc2is consistently below unity. (5) The power function seems to be an adequate description of the relationship between memory and percept

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changes in the factor structure of intelligence tests between early and later stages of performance and between testing and retesting were studied. In addition to factor analyses, correlations between the test scores of various time periods and the final factor scores were computed. The principal findings were the powerful influence of the verbal ability in the initial stages of most tests, the gradual ‘purification’ of the factors, and the occurrence of a shift of the highest factor loadings of some tests from one factor to another, particularly in tests with increasing item difficu

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY