摘要:

van derHeijdenA. H. C. Note on simultaneous discrimination of visual attributes.Scand. J. Psychol., 1972,13, 71–72.—A tachistoscopically presented stimulus, provided it is above threshold, results in a visual image with a minimum duration of about 250 msec. In experiments on visual information processing, therefore, the results must be interpreted in terms of ‘effective stimulus duration’ (exposure time and duration of visual image) rather than exposure tim

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

MacRaeA. W. Information transmission, partitioning and Weber's law:. Some comments on Baird's cognitive theory of psychophysics.Scand. J. Psychol., 1972,13, 73–80.—Baird's derivation of Weber's Law from information measures has three principal defects: (a) he miscalculates the transmission achieved by successive partitioning judgments, (b) in his theoretical arguments he fails to distinguish between empirical fact and his own definitions or postulates, (c) he misinterprets the experimental evidence chosen to illustrate his conclusi

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

LundbergU.&EkmanG. Geographical data as psychophysical stimuli.Scand. J. Psychol. 1972,13, 81–88.—Thirty‐three students reported their subjective estimates of the area, the number of people, and the average population density of 44 different countries. Subjective scales were constructed for each variable and it was found that these scales could be roughly described by simple power functions of the corresponding physical scales. The subjective scales were positively related to each other, and the correlations they showed exceeded the corresponding correlations between the physical variables. Empirical estimates of population density may be described by a simple power function of the expected subjective population density with the exponent of

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

GoudeG., EdlundB., Engqvist‐EdlundU.&AndersonM. Approach and withdrawal in young ofTilapia mossambica(Cichlidae, Pisces) as a function of age and Social experience.Scand. J. Psychol., 1972,13, 89–97.—In an experiment with eight groups of young ofTilapia mossambica, approach and withdrawal behavior was registered during brief (5 min) periods of stimulation with a moving dummy; the experiment lasted twelwe days (towards the end and immediately after the sensitive period). Four of the groups comprised young which had been isolated from each other until the first stimulation period; in the other four groups the young had been kept together in the experimental tanks. The age of the young when first stimulated was varied experimentally. Changes in approach and withdrawal behavior over time were studied along with e.g. changes in group strength. Age at first stimulation was found to be of some consequence but no clear differences were obtained between groups with different environmental experi

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

StenildM. Stages in concept learning.Scand.J Psychol., 1972, 13, 98–108. —In an experimental test of Rommetveit's theory of concept learning (1960) as a three‐stage process, his stimulus figures were presented for three groups of children in a passive receiving, an active instrumental, and an active verbal procedure, respectively. The result supported Rommetveit's stage two and three in concept learning, but not his description of stage one representing an intuitive conceptual sorting of stimuli. A new formulation of stage one is made according to which even at this stage the conceptual sorting occurs intentio

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

MikkonenV. Acquisition and forgetting in free‐recall learning.Scand. J. Psychol., 1972,13, 109–120.—Formulae are defined for absolute and proportional acquisition and forgetting in the course of free recall experiments, and also for total net gain and gains per trial. By applying these formulae to a set of experimental results, scores are generated which demonstrate: (1) that the diminishing gains of the typical learning curve are mainly governed by variation in forgetting, and (2) that inter‐subject and inter‐item differences in recall are caused jointly by acquisition and forgetting. Subjects who learn well forget little and vice versa. Similarly, items most likely to be acquired are best retained, and vice versa. As no single score can describe all the phenomena of a typical experiment, the use of several scores in combination is

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ShawJ. Reward size and game playing behavior.Scand, J. Psychol., 1972,13, 121–132.—The results of studies dealing with the effects of heightened incentives in game playing situations present a complicated pattern of findings ranging from those favoring cooperation, through those indicating no relation, to those favoring competition. A critical review of these studies is made followed by attempts to reconcile the divergent findings. These include: (a) Gallo's (1968b) index of average payoff per trial, and (b) Oskamp&Kleinke's (1970) notion that large rewards may induce individualistic behavior. Suggestions are made for further research on reward size as related to (a) noneconomic rewards, (b) matrix structure, (c) reward pattern, (d) multichoice methodologies, and (e) parametric val

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SchioldborgP. Retention of size contrast.Scand. J. Psychol., 1972,13, 133–135.—Five subjects estimated areal size of a standard object presented singly and in serial contexts as the smallest, largest, or equally large among three objects. The contrast effect amounted to a difference of approximately three j.n.d.'s between estimates ofStas the smallest or the largest object. There was no difference between estimates ofStin series with identical objects andStalone. When estimation took place ten seconds after the presentation, the contrast effect disappeared. Since memory estimates proved significantly smaller whenStinitially was viewed singly than when viewed in a serial context, it is concluded that the disappearance of the contrast effect seems unrelated to memory decay as s

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

StabellB.&StabellU. Chromatic rod vision. III. Duration of pre‐stimulation varied.Scand. J. Psychol., 1972,13, 136–140.—The scotopic contrast hue was determined as a function of duration of pre‐stimulation, together with the additive opponent hue. It is concluded that the red/blue ratio which has to be added to the additive opponent hue to produce the scotopic contrast hue, may change as a function of both wavelength and duration of pre‐st

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

StabellB.&StabellU. Chromatic rod vision. IV. Time between pre‐and test‐stimulation varied.Scand. J. Psychol., 1972,13, 141–144.—The scotopic contrast hue was determined as a function of time between pre‐and test‐stimulation. As the interval increased, the scotopic hue was found to change from orange toward yellow in the 440–475 nm region of pre‐stimulation and from violet‐blue toward violet in the 550–595 nm region. It is concluded that (1) depending on wavelength of pre‐stimulation, the processes in the red‐green substance may revert to the mid‐valued state faster or slower than the processes in the yellow‐blue substance, and (2) the red/blue ratio of the violet hue which has to be added to the additive opponent hue to produce the scotopic contrast hue, may change as a function of time betwee

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1972.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY