摘要:

Abstract.—The estimated durations of 4 standard intervals, 3, 5, 7, and 9 sec, and of the total experimental period, 11.5 min, were studied(a)in the absence of stress, during the rising and falling blood alcohol level phases, and(b)in situations involving variables stress (maximum, control, and anti‐stress). Alcohol was found to lead to underestimation (a verbal estimate smaller than a given standard) in the absence of stress, but did not affect the estimates when stress was involved. A pronounced central effect was found under maximal stress which was not affected by alcohol. Ss under stress tended to overestimate the length of the experiment when compared to Ss under anti‐stress. The Ss rated their current mood on 16 variables, but no significant effects could be related to their time esti

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—A multivariable‐multimethod analysis was performed on six professional clinical psychologists' ratings of 38 patients for the three variables, Intelligence, Ability to Establish Contact and Control of Affect and Impulses. The judges based their ratings of the patients performance on each of the three tests Rorschach, TAT, and Sentence Completion separately as well as on all tests together. The stability coefficients and the consensus among judges was rather high but decreased when the depth of interpretation of the response variable increased. The ratings showed both convergent and discriminant validity but the generality of the ratings was generally low. The results support the opinions held among clinicians, that tests give different kinds of information about individuals and that clinicians, to some extent, use the information from each test as a subvariable which is integrated into a more global varia

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—The three‐dimensional Sense‐of‐Humour Questionnaire (SHQ) was coordinated with items based upon social self‐image related to three styles in humour‐“funny” wit, “sarcastic” wit, and “mixed” wit. The total questionnaire was answered by male and female students in college (average age: 17) and teacher's certificate school (average age: 25) to test the relationship between social self‐image and sense of humour at different age levels. The social self‐image of college women proved highly loaded on the “funny” style compared with college males. A two‐way analysis of variance (sex by age) revealed a strong sex effect on the “sarcastic” category (males high). “Mixed” wit yielded an interaction effect: high scores in college males and teacher females. Males and older subjects (teaching students) tended to associate high senstivity to humorous messages and emotional impulsiveness with the “sarcastic” style. Women who scored high on “mixed” wit favoured the humorist as a general social stereotype. A sex difference in development trends from adolescence to adulthood was indicated the way that females changed from “funny” to

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—The hypothesis that intercorrelations between the cues in the conflict task will inhibit the reduction of the systematic differences in policies in policy conflict as studied in Hammond's “lens model” interpersonal conflict paradigm was tested in two experiments. The results supported the hypothesis, and suggested that the effect was due to the fact that the subjects have greater freedom in developing different policies when the cues are intercorrelated. In addition, the results suggested that the process of policy change when the conflict task has a lower degree of predictability than the original policy learning task might differ from that when the conflict task has the same predictability as the original

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—The problems of this study were to describe dimensions and related party positions, representative of significant attitude differences in Swedish politics. A set of 97 attitude statements was answered by subjects representing the five largest Swedish political parties and rated for content validity by the subjects and an expert group of political scientists. The correlations of the attitude variables were analyzed by the principal factor method. Factor scores were computed by multiple regressions, relative party positions calculated as party means, and the differences tested by a multiple comparison procedure. Following the results of an initial analysis 42 marker variables were further analyzed. A dimensional description based on an oblique five‐factor solution is presented. The generality of obtained dimensions is commented by national and international comparis

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—Subjects learned a pictorial material in anticipation of either free recall (FR), serial recall (SR), or recognition tests. A design containing all possible combinations of anticipated test and test actually given was used. SR and recognition performance was best when subjects anticipated these tests, respectively, whereas FR performance was best when an SR test was anticipated. Anticipation of recognition tended to interfere with SR performance, and vice versa. The results indicate that subjects encode pictorial material differently in anticipation of different retention tests; that this serves to facilitate or to impair performance on the anticipated and/or other retention tests in a predictable manner; and that subjects tend to use different information from the stimuli to pass recognition tests and to pass recall (FR or SR) test

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—An attempt is made to show that the errors traditionally associated with the constructional activity of patients with left‐ or right‐sided cerebral lesions correspond closely to the faults observed in drawings by the left and right hand of split‐brain patients. Based on this evidence, it is discussed whether unilateral lesions may cause callosal disconnection to such an extent that constructional apraxia will appear. Finally, some major objections to the hypothesis that constructional apraxia is an interhemispheric disconnection syndrome are ev

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—A Q‐factor analysis of a group of normal and schizophrenic subjects was performed in order to explore the domain of schizophrenia and to test the differential validity of a test battery. One normality factor and four factors of schizophrenia were isolated. A cross‐validation using a new sample of normal and schizophrenic subjects was carried out. The normality factor was then used as a basis for predicting group membership for the new persons. The result was a correct placement of the subjects in the normal or schizophrenic category. The four factors of schizophrenia‐at least two of which were found to be descriptively relevant and related to independent diagnostic criteria‐required further ver

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—An application of the Campbell and Fiske multimethod‐multitrait analysis and factor analysis was used to study the convergent validity of the following indices of cognitive complexity: Bieri's Index, Vannoy's Interaction Variance Measure, Number of Factors, and First Factor Percentage. In the analysis the individual constructs elicited by Reptest were contrasted with two sets of provided constructs, namely Semantic Differential and Personality Differential scales. The subjects were 36 psychology students. The results indicated that the convergent validity of the indices over construct type was low and that the construct type had an effect upon the intercorrelations of different indices of cognitive complex

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.—Bruner&Tagiuri's (1954) concept of implicit personality theory, and Kelly's (1955) theory of personal constructs were used as a basis for a hypothesis that an individual's own constructs mediate more differentiated perceptions of other people than constructs provided by the experimenter. The hypothesis was tested by using four indices of cognitive complexity and one index of extremity of ratings to measure differentiation. The individual constructs were derived by using Reptest. The provided constructs were Semantic Differential and Personality Differential scales. The subjects were 36 psychology students. Two experimenters were employed to control experimenter effects. The data did not support the hypothesis but showed that differences between individual constructs and provided constructs are dependent upon which criterion is chosen to contrast the two types of constructs, which indices are used to measure the chosen criterion, and what type of provided constructs are compared with individual construct

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1975.tb00174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY