摘要:

The present study investigated behaviour in a two‐compartment free‐exploration open field by means of a component analysis. Seven spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and six normotensive Wistar Kyoto control rats (WKY) were tested repeatedly on eight behaviour parameters in this apparatus. A two‐compartment free‐exploration open field evokes less fear than the standard one‐compartment forced‐exploration open field, because it permits the rat to enter the field from its home cage. The data were subjected to principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that the recorded behaviour grouped into two independent components, encompassing behaviour in the cage and in the field, respectively. These components are interpreted as reflecting different kinds of exploration: (i) distant exploration when the rat explores from its home cage, and (ii) close exploration when the rat explores by entering the novel field. The SHR scored highest on both, although they mostly used close exploration. In the WKY rats, which mainly stayed in their cages, distant exploration was predominant. The present free‐exploration open‐field procedure discriminates between two different exploration strategies employed by S

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00792.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hypnotic depth, hypnotic susceptibility, and the relationship between the two were studied in two separate samples. In the first study, 45 aubjects were tested on the Creative Imagination Scale (CIS) and the induction part (i.e. the eye closure item) of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form A (SHSS:A). Retrospective depth reports were taken, and hypnotic responsiveness scores on the CIS was assessed. The results demonstrated significantly higher depth scores for the SHSS:A (eye closure) than for the CIS. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between hypnotic susceptibility and depth score on the CIS. In the second study, 19 subjects were again tested on the CIS and the eye closure item of the SHSS:A. As in the first study, spontaneous depth estimates were elicited. In addition, the subjects were required to estimate their experiences retrospectively according to three distinct operationalizations of hypnotic depth, i.e. depth in terms of bodily relaxation, absorption, and dissociation. Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant effect for depth measures, and a significant depth measure by hypnosis method interaction effect. Hypnotic depth defined as bodily relaxation produced the highest score, followed by absorption. The mean scores were lowest for spontaneous depth and dissociation. Again, significant correlations between susceptibility and depth reports were found.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00793.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two types of theta activity are seen in the hippocampal formation of the rat. Type 1 theta which has a high overall frequency is related to movements, whereas Type 2 theta of lower frequency is related to immobility. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether Type 2 theta may occur in rats encountering novelty. To shed light on this issue rats were tested in a novelty test in which smell made up the novel aspect. Upon encountering a cheese spot on the novel object the rats displayed relatively high‐frequency theta activity while all legs were immobile, and low level of EMG activity was seen in the nuchal muscle. It was not possible to test whether the “novelty theta” was sensitive to atropine, since administration of atropine sulphate abolished the rats' preference for novelty. The results are discussed in terms of Type 2 theta reflecting sensory proce

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1988.tb00794.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY