摘要:

The interpretation of functional fixedness as a fixation of behavior or inhibiting of behavior tendencies is challenged. As an alternative is proposed ‘perceptual emphasis’ in which the effect of past experience with the use of objects is viewed in agreement with van de Geer as a change in the perception of the objects. Some recent experiments are reviewed in the light of this phenomenological interpretat

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objections are raised to Luchins' interpretation of theEinstellungeffect and his negative evaluation of this effect. It is proposed to shift the emphasis from behavior to perception. The subject does not develop a ‘bad’ habit, but acts according to the specific type of problem which the experienced situation seems to present. Two types of problems are distinguished: whole problems, in which the critical problems in theEinstellungexperiments are perceived as application situations, and part problems, in which the critical problems are perceived as problems in their own ri

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The so‐called simple reaction is viewed as a dynamically integrated organismic response, modifiable by sensory and preparatory factors and their interactions. The procedure used in presenting several variants of the focal stimulus regulates the specificity of the respondent's preknowledge of stimulus, and thereby the opportunity for interaction as suggested. Additional results confirm the previous finding that the differential effect of stimulus intensity is inversely related to the degree of preknowledge. The interaction is therefore considered to be of a compensatory natur

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A preliminary experiment is described, in which the speed of three manual activities was estimated by the method of magnitude estimation. Within the rather narrow stimulus range of 1/1.35 the subjective range was 1/1.86 for card dealing, 1/1.64 for shoveling gravel, and 1/1.41 for packing. Tentative interpretations of these differences are discussed.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A small, light eye‐movement recorder, capable of registering eye movements from the smallest voluntary movements to movements of 20 degrees of arc, is described. A miniature light projector gives a beam of infrared (or blue) light, which is reflected by the cornea of the eye. The beam is deflected by any movement of the eye. An optical system transforms the motion of the beam into changes of light intensity. These are translated into magnified fluctuations of current in a multiplier phototube. The output is translated into graphic form by an ink‐writer fitted with a D.C. amplifier. The apparatus, except for the writer but including a helmet, weighs about 300–500 g and is mounted on the subject's head without appreciably disturbing the field of v

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By means of the method of ratio estimation, scale values were obtained for subjective distance. In three experiments different stimulus ranges of the objective distances were used. It was found: (1) Subjective distance is a power function of the objective distance. (2) The exponent of the function varies with the stimulus range. With increasing stimulus range the exponent has a tendency to decrease. It is conceivable that the change of the exponent may be explained by an adaptation of the subjective range to the stimulus range.

ISSN:0036-5564    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1960.tb01299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY