摘要:

AbstractThis paper reviews some of the studies related to the effect of fluoride on the skeletal system of humans and outlines the knowns and unknowns of fluoride and bone health. Current research indicates that, in large enough doses, fluoride stimulates bone formation by osteoblastic stimulation, increases bone formation earlier and to a larger extent in trabecular bone compared to cortical bone, and increases spinal bone density. There is controversy, however, concerning the efficacy of fluoride as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of osteoporosis. Some clinical studies have found a reduction in vertebral fracture rates while others have not. To date, only ecologic studies have been conducted on the association between water fluoridation and hip fractures. The inability of ecologic studies to control for confounding variables makes their interpretation difficult. Based on the literature presented, it is concluded that there are more unknowns than knowns in terms of fluoride's effect on bone, osteoporosis, and fractures. One of the major unknowns in the relationship between fluoride and bone health is dose and duration. Two studies are underway that attempt to describe the dose‐response relationship between waterborne fluoride and osteoporosis. These studies will be completed in the near future and their results, while providing new insight into fluoride's effects on bone, will by no means answer all the questions raised on this issu

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1995.tb02331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFluorosis has been associated with the fluoride concentration of drinking water, use of dietary fluoride supplements, early use of dentifrices, and prolonged use of infant formula. The literature, however, does not show associations between fluorosis and use of fluoride mouthrinses, professionally applied fluorides, bottled waters, carbonated beverages, and juices. It is unwise to issue laundry lists of items that may be implicated as problem‐causing when, in fact, they may not be. Although usually classified without fluorosis, children in Dean's “questionable” category would be classified with the condition if the TFI or TSIF were used. Accordingly, Dean, in 1942, really reported only 52.8 percent of children without fluorosis in Kewanee, a community with 0.9 ppm fluoride in drinking water. Because the morbidity and sequelae of dental caries have declined, undue emphasis has been placed recently on the risks of using fluoride rather than on its profound beneficial effects. Although of paramount importance, conclusions cannot be drawn on whether fluoride protects against, contributes to, or has no effect on bone fractures or is valuable in treating osteoporosis. Careful thought is required before making recommendations that may reduce health benefits because of unfounded concerns about perceived risks. There should be greater regulation of extraneous fluoride sources, rather than reliance on educational efforts or recommendations to eliminate use of highly effective preventive reg

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1995.tb02332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1995.tb02333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY