摘要:

AbstractThis study examines the attitudes of both dentists and physicians on the role of the dental health care team in a cardiovascular risk factor reduction program directed at a general “well” population. A questionnaire was sent to a stratified sample of primary care dentists and physicians in the Augusta, Georgia, metropolitan area. The questionnaire was divided into four parts: the demographic component and three attitude components (the affective component, the cognitive component, and the action component). Results showed that dentists tended to have a positive attitude about performing cholesterol screening, nutrition counseling, and blood pressure screening in the dental office. Physicians tended to be negative about the idea of dentists performing cholesterol screening and nutrition counseling and were undecided about this role for dentists in a cardiovascular risk factor reduction program. Both dentists and physicians had positive attitudes about the idea of dentists referring high cardiovascular risk patients to physicians, as well as about the role of dentists in blood pressure screening. Overall, although dentists and physicians expressed concerns about the role of dentists in a cardiovascular risk factor reduction program, responses of both groups demonstrated a willingness to explore this concept furt

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb03556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes the origins, funding, organization, operation, utilization, and outreach program of a statewide mobile dental program for the disabled in Missouri. The article includes information based on analysis of productivity reports and patient records. Comparisons are made between the utilization by mentally retarded (MR) and other disabled patients (MCCS), their county of residence, and the location where service was provided (rural vs urban). The mean number of dental procedures provided per client was 7.3. More procedures (8.35) were provided to urban clients than rural clients (5.81). The utilization rate of urban MR clients was 63.9 percent, compared to 60 percent for rural MR clients. Other findings show 10.7percent urban MCCS clients utilized the mobile dental program, versus 13.5 percent of the rural MCCS clients. The budgeted expenditures for providing care to this underserved group were $46,000 less than the estimated value of dental care provided in a private practice setting.

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb03557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDental personnel planning is important in formulating policy in dental education, dental public health programs, and dental care delivery systems. The purpose of this literature review is to illustrate the use of dentist‐to‐population ratios, need‐based models, and demand‐based models in the determination of appropriate supply of dental personnel. A historical perspective is provided that demonstrates how political manipulation and subjectivity have characterized the use of these models by organized dentistry, the federal government, and others. The lack of pertinent data and the inability to predict economic, social, political, and epidemiologic trends weaken the applicability of each model in determining future personnel levels. Considering the long‐term consequences of the use of each model in personnel planning, caution is urged in using any of the presently availab

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb03558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb03559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLiterally, Public Law 99‐252 (otherwise known as the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986) includes provisions that are informational in nature. Implicitly, however, this law is considered part of the federal effort in disease prevention and health promotion. This paper reviews the societal and legislative context of that act and presents a plan to evaluate the impact of this law on decreasing smokeless tobacco use. The uniqueness of this plan is its incorporation of nine disciplinary perspectives in the derivation of indicators to measure process, impact, and outcome measures for decreasing smokeless tobacco use. A basic prevention strategy is suggested by this interdisciplinary approach. In addition, specific lessons could be applied from the history of successes in public health to decreasing smokeless tobacco us

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb03560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEvaluation of the impact of the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986 (P.L. 99‐252) will help determine the level of progress being made to reduce smokeless tobacco use and will help determine changes or new strategies needed to prevent or reduce smokeless tobacco use. Indicators of progress made toward implicit goals and explicit provisions of P.L. 99‐252 are proposed as appropriate for local, state, and federal government health agencies to address. Examples of roles that can be played by health agencies relative to implicit goals of the law are drawn from experiences of public health professionals in Ohio and other states. These roles relate to work with the media, research and evaluation, surveillance activity, support for development of materials and implementation of programs, and funding for community educational programs. Indicators to measure impact of explicit provisions of the law focus on provisions specified in the ' public education section of the law. Proposed indicators involve monitoring the development and availability of programs, materials and media, monitoring research and dissemination of findings, and monitoring technical assistance and grants available. Possible measurement and evaluation strategies are discussed. Survey methodology seems most suitable for monitoring level and type of anti‐smokeless tobacco activity in which health agencies engage and for determining awareness of resources available through th

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb03561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines ways in which standard economic analysis may be used to predict and evaluate the impact of P.L 99‐252, the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986. Simple supply and demand models are used to illustrate the range of possible effects of the act. Analysis indicates that the act should reduce demand, though the magnitude of the impact can only be determined empirically. Given that the act affects only one of the principal determinants of demand, consumer preferences, the impact may be rather limited in magnitude. The impact on supply is more ambiguous, but it is possible that restrictions on advertising might lower the smokeless tobacco producers' costs in ways that would lead to an increase in supply. Several suggestions for empirical measurement of impact are made. Three other issues are identified and discussed: potential negative consequences of the act's required health warnings (as a liability defense for firms); the importance of point of view in dealing with the costs of smokeless tobacco use; and a comparison of the act to alternative strategies to reduce smokeless tobacco use, such as taxatio

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb03562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper is one of a series attempting to determine the impact of Public Law 99‐252, the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986, on decreasing smokeless tobacco use. Potential indicators are discussed that could be used by the dental profession to determine the efficacy of the profession's involvement in existing and future prevention and cessation efforts relative to this law. In this review, six major areas are considered for measuring declines in smokeless tobacco use relative to the role of the dental health practitioner. These areas encompass the following: (1) the dental profession's knowledge of smokeless tobacco health hazards, (2) dental practitioners' involvement in measuring changes in use patterns, (3) the influence dentists have with their patients and community in decreasing smokeless tobacco use, (4) the general attitude and intention to quit on the part of dental patients, (5) active governmental involvement efforts, and (6) health effects of smokeless tobacco that might be used for identifying decreasing smokeless tobacco use. Within each of these six broad categories, more specific indicators for measuring the impact of P.L. 99‐252 relative to the dental profession were conside

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb03563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article briefly reviews the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use by males in the United States, the relationship of smokeless tobacco use to cigarette use, and patterns of use that include dosage, topography, products, and function of use. The primary focus of the article is to describe the concurrent and predictive factors associated with onset, use, and cessation of smokeless tobacco. The implications of P.L. 99‐252, the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Act of 1986, are discussed in the context of what is known about the psychosocial variables associated with the use of smokeless tobacc

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb03564.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-4006    

DOI:10.1111/j.1752-7325.1990.tb03565.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY